LAB 3 (Mitosis and cell cycle)

Question 1

4 phases of cell cycle

Answer 1

• G1–growth part 1
• S phase–synthesis of DNA
• G2–growth part 2
• M phase–mitosis

Question 2

4 stages of Mitosis

Answer 2

1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase

*P-MAT

Question 3

Interphase

Answer 3

• the portions of the cell cycle from G1–>G2 when the cell is not dividing
• DNA is still in form of chromatin

*the interim–interphase

Question 4

G1 phase

Answer 4

• the initial GROWTH phase
• develops and carries out activities specific to that cell type
• some cells are “amitotic” =never divide, so they stay in G1 indefinitely=G0 (“G not”)
• cell has only single copy of its DNA

Question 5

S phase

Answer 5

• SYNTHESIS
• when the cell’s DNA is replicated AKA another copy of the DNA is Synthesized.
• 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes
  
  • 1 set from mum
  • 1 set from dad
• after synthesis, each homologous chromosome is a set of identical twins called sister chromatids

Question 6

G2 phase

Answer 6

• the 2nd GROWTH phase

- cell makes its final prep for division

Question 7

M phase

Answer 7

• MITOSIS
• divides its replicated DNA between 2 identical daughter cells
• cytokinesis

Question 8

cytokinesis

Answer 8

• process where the cytoplasm of the mother cell is distributed between the 2 daughter cells

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

• stage 1 of mitosis
• nuclear membrane starts to degenerate
• chromatin condenses into chromosomes
• mitotic spindle organizes on each of the 2 centrioles which migrate to opposite poles of the cell
• mitotic spindle produces microtubule spindle fibers that attach to the centromere which joins the two sister chromatids

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

• stage 2 of mitosis

- the sister chromatids, attached to the spindle fibers, line up along the equator of the cell

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

• stage 3 of mitosis
• the spindle fibers shorten and pull the centromeres apart, separating the sister chromatids and moving them to opposite poles of the cell.
• cytokinesis begins and the cell elongates

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

• stage 4 of mitosis
• cleavage furrow forms in cell, pinching it into two identical daughter cells
• cytokinesis ends
• nuclear membranes begin to to reassemble
• mitotic spindle becomes less visible
• DNA returns to chromatin form