LAB 3: Measurements And The Physical Properties Flashcards
What does SI means
System international d’Unites
This is sometimes called the ‘mks’ system and the primary units
Meter, Kilograms, Seconds
The “cgs” System
Centimeters, grams, seconds
All of the unit relationships in the metric system are based on multiples of
10
Kelvin Formula
K = C + 273.15
degree Celsius Formula
C = F - 32 / 1.8
Degree Fahrenheit
F = 1.8 (C) + 32
1 inch = ____ centimeters
2.54
1 mile =___ kilometers
1.609
1.093 yard = meters
1
1 foot = __ inch
12
2.205 pounds = ____ kilograms
1
1 ton =___ kg
907.2
1 slug = ___ kg
14.594
refers to the fact that water sticks to itself very easily.
Cohesion
means that water also sticks very well to other things, which is why it spreads out in a thin film on certain surfaces, like glass
Adhesion
When water comes into contact with these surfaces, the adhesive forces are ____ than the cohesive forces. Instead of sticking together in a ball, it spreads out.
stronger
Water also has a high level of
surface tension
The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules.
Surface Tension
means that the molecules on the surface of the water are not surrounded by similar molecules on all sides, so they’re being pulled only by cohesion from other molecules deep inside
Surface tension
is also a result of surface tension. As we mentioned, this happens in plants when they “suck up” water.
Capillary Action
when liquid flows through narrow spaces without external forces, such as gravity
Capillary Action
Water’s ___ are also why its solid form, ice, can float on its liquid form.
hydrogen bonds
Ice is less ___ than water because water molecules form crystalline structures at freezing (32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius) temperatures
dense
TRUE or FALSE
The thermal properties of water are also linked to its hydrogen bonds. Water has a very high specific heat capacity
True
which is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius.
Heat Capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius is ___ joules per gram.
4.2
Water also has a high heat of ____, which means that it can take a lot of heat without its temperature rising much. This plays a huge part in the climate, because it means that oceans take a long time to warm up.
vaporization
Is often used in an ice-water mixture to lower the freezing point of water, allowing the mixture to become colder than the normal freezing point
Rock Salt
Works similarly to rock salt in lowering the freezing point but doesn’t significantly impact the process, although it may slightly affect solubility
Iodized Salt
Is less effective than salt, as it creates a solution that interferes with ice formation but is not commonly used
Brown sugar
(Sodium bicarbonate) can alter the mixture’s pH, making it more alkaline, but it is not as effective as salt in lowering the freezing point
Baking Soda
Does not contribute to freezing point depression and is not recommended due to its toxicity
Zonrox
Commonly used in redox reactions due its chemical reactivity, may lower the freezing point like salt, though it is not widely used for this purpose
Potassium Iodide
Can you use them in measuring large-scale distances such as the distances of stars and galaxies
No, since they are unsuitable. These distances are so wide that smaller units would produce extremely massive, difficult-to-manage, and uncountable figures.
Astronomers use larger measures such as _____ to measure distances.
light-years, astronomical units (AU), or parsecs
S.1. Base units and prefixes are important because they give a consistent means of measuring things, making it easier for scientists to convey and compare their findings.
These units aid in the accurate measurement of ____ such as proteins and enzymes, which are frequently researched in biochemistry. Scientists can readily quantify small quantities using prefixes such as milli-, micro-, and nano-:
small amounts of molecules
You can resolve uncertainties in measurements by having different ___ in your experiments.
trials
____ are important in experiments because they improve the reliability, accuracy, and validity of the results.
Trials
