lab 3 Flashcards
what is the function, location & description of neural tissue
transmits electrical signals that control the body
made from neurons and neuroglia found in the brain & spinal cord
cell body long and branched
what is the function, location & description of skeletal muscle
allows voluntary movement, found in biceps etc
striated, clean lines, nuclei squished in the same layer
what is the function, location & description of cardiac muscle
involuntary contraction of the heart
found in walls of heart
branching, straited, nucleus thicc
what is the function, location & description of smooth muscle
involuntary internal propulsion
found in walls of blood vessels
long spindle shaped cells, central nuclei, arranged in sheets
what are 3 types of fibers found in connective tissue
collagen (for tensile strength) reticular fibers (form branched network) elastic fibers (stretchy)
what are 6 major functions of connective tissue
binding supporting protection insulating transport substances store fat & energy substances (Baby SPITS)
______ is split into connective tissue, fluid connective tissue, and supportive connective tissue
embryonic mesenchyme
what is the function, location & description of areolar CT
cushioning, surrounding capillaries and nerves, can be found in papillary layer of dermis + hyperdermis & directly under epithelial tissue, looks like a lot of layers with dark spots and dark hair-like lines
what is the function, location & description of adipose tissue
storage of fat, insulation, support and protect organs
found in hyperdermis, breast fat, brown fat. looks like bubble wrap
what is the function, location & description of reticular CT
supportive framework for soft lymphatic organs, can be found in lymphatic organs eg. liver, looks like cherry blossoms
what is the function, location & description of dense REGULAR CT
attaches muscles to bones/ bones to bones, is able to withstand tensile stress
found in tendons and ligaments
looks wavy, collagen fibers, tighly packed
what is the function, location & description of dense IRREGULAR CT
ability to withstand tensile stress from any direction
looks messy
can be found in reticular layer of dermis
what is the function, location & description of elastic CT
stretchy and has elastic recoil
can be found in walls of arteries
dark staining and curly
what is the function, location & description of blood
transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste, hormones, etc
found in blood vessels
?looks like blood? only thing with RBC and WBC
what is the function, location & description of hyaline cartiledge
provides flexible support & cushioning/resist compression stress
found in nasal cartilage/covering ends of bones
stains smooth and pretty like (like some noses), chondrocyte in lacuna (corn nuts!), has defined circles
what is the function, location & description of elastic cartilage
provides flexible support,
found in larynx, ear, epiglottis
looks like hyaline, but more elastic fibers, many chondrocyte in lacuna
what is the function, location & description of fibrocartilage
cushions and withstand tensile & compression stress
can be found in knee menisci
looks tighter than other cartilages b/c less firm matrix and collagen fibers form bundles
what is the function, location & description of compact bone
proved rigid support and protection for the body, reservoir for minerals
can be found at the shaft of long bones
looks like stained glass with dark centre
what is the function, location & description of spongy bone
withstands stress from many directions, reduces weight of skeleton, forms framework to support and protect developing blood cells in bone marrow
can be found at the end of long bones
looks like a lot of little dots with clear ring
which 2 major tissue types make up the majority of the integument system
epithelial & connective
which 2 components make up the cutaneous membrane
epidermis and dermis
what are the 5 major functions of the integumentary system
detections of touch, pressure, pain, & temp
excretion of salt, water, and organic wastes
maintain temp
protection/barrier against infection, water loss, etc
synthesis of vitamin D & calcium absorption
(patrick DEMPSey has a nice integumentary system)
what are the 5 layers of the epidermis, from superficial to deep
stratum corneum stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale (CLGSB, Corny Ladies Grab Stringy Bananas)
tell me bout stratum corneum
15-30 layers of dead keratinized (crusty and corny/corneum) cells
tight junctions
water resistant
tell me bout the stratum lucidum
clear (lucid= lucidum) layer of dense keratinized cells
found in thicc skin (palms of hands and soles of feet)
how about stratum granulosum
3-5 layers of keratinocytes (fibrous keratin protein)
prevent dehydration
cells above lipid bilayer are dying :’(
now stratum spinosum
8-10 layers of LIVING keratinocytes
produce vitamin D
has dendritic cells to patrol and defend against pathogens and skin cancers (like little spiders spinning webs and eating your house flies)
finally, stratum basale
attached to basement membrane
has merkel cells and melanocytes
merkel cells- touch receptors + stimulate nerve endings
melanocytes- turn amino acids and tyrosine into melanin pigment
what are the 2 layers of the dermis? from superficial to deep
papillary layer
reticular layer
tell me a story about the papillary layer
she has strong collagen fibers that supply nutrients and regulates temperature. she is the top 20% of the dermis and is made from areolar tissue
tell me about the reticular layer
made from dense IRREGULAR CT, fills space and provides strength (bottom 80%)
which specific tissue forms stratum corneum
keratinized stratified squamous
which layer of epidermis has the youngest cells
stratum basale
which 2 tissues are found in the hypodermis
areolar CT and adipose
which layer would a tattoo artist inject ink into
dermis (reticular layer)
what are the 2 kinds of sudoriferous (sweat) glands
merocrine sweat gland and apocrine sweat gland
tell me a wee bit about merocrine sweat glands
small, water secretion(formed mostly from water and NaCl), reduce body temp and bacterial growth
tell me some fun facts about aprocrine sweat glands
big, milky secretion (organic molecules in sweat), activated by pain, stress, and pleasure
what do sebaceous glands secrete
sebum <3
what is the function of sebum?
lubricates, condition skin, inhibits bacterial growth
what is the function of the arrector pili muscle
erects hair and squeezes sebum onto hair follicle
what is the difference between the hair shaft and hair follicle
hair shaft is external (superficial), hair follicle is internal (deep)
what are the 2 sensory structures of the dermis
meissners (tactile) corpuscles & pacinian (lamellated) corpuscles
tell me about meissners (tactile) corpuscles
little bit of CT wrapped around nerve ending, sensitive, detects light touch in the papillary layer
tell me about pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle
many layers of ct wrapped around nerve ending, needs a hard poke, detects deep pressure in the reticular layer
what structure is involved in temperature regulation
integument (epidermis, dermis, accessory structures, merocrine sweat glands)
what structure provides water proofing
stratum granulosum
what structure has actively dividing cells
stratum spinosum/ stratum basale
which structure forms the ridges of fingerprints
dermal ridges + epidermal ridges
what is found in thick skin but not thin skin
stratum lucidum
what determines skin pigmentation
melanocytes
tell me 9 accessory organs found in the integument
sebaceous glands arrector pili muscles hair follicles hair shaft merocrine sudiferous gland sudiferous gland pore free nerve endings meissners (tacile) corpuscle pacinian (lamellated) corpuscle
