Lab 3 Flashcards
Morphology
Shape of an organism’s bones
Positional Repertoire
How an organism moves and holds their body while resting
Humans have __ positional repertoire
Narrow (meaning we have one main mode of locomotion)
Chimpanzees and bonobos have __ positional repertoire
Broader (multiple modes of locomotion)
Bone
living tissue with many functions in the body
Comparative Anatomy
comparing the bones of living species to those of fossil species
When muscle attaches to bone, it creates a buildup of extra boney tissue at the __
muscle attachment site
Joint
Where one bone articulates or comes in contact with another bone
Different types of teeth
incisors, canines, premolars, and molars
Dental Formula:
Incisors:Canines:Premolars:Molars
Anatomical Position
standing with feet straight forward, arms hanging down with palms facing forward (bipeds)
Cranial Capacity
Approximate measurement of brain volume
Foramen Magnum
Large hold for the spinal cord at the bottom of the skull (centrally placed) in humans and towards the back (posteriorly placed) on the skulls of quadrupeds.
Sagittal
Vertical section; down the midlines of the body, dividing the body into left and right halves
Coronal
A vertical section perpendicular to the sagittal plane, dividing it into anterior and posterior (front and back)
Transverse
A cross-section dividing the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior)
Cranial
Describes the bones of the skull, including the mandible
Postcranial
Describing the bones beneath the cranium
Lateral
Toward the side of the body, away from the midline
Medial
Toward the midline (middle) of the body
Proximal
Closer to the trunk of the body
Distal
Away from the trunk of the body
Anterior
In bipeds, toward the front of the body. In quadrupeds, toward the skull.
Posterior
In bipeds, toward the rear of the body. In quadrupeds, toward the tail.
Ventral
In bipeds, toward the chest/belly (anterior is more commonly used). In quadrupeds, toward the lower surface or chest/belly.
Dorsal
In bipeds, toward the back (posterior is more commonly used). In quadrupeds, toward the upper surface or back.
Superior
In bipeds, toward the head. In quadrupeds, toward the back, similar to dorsal.
Inferior
In bipeds, towards the feet. In quadrupeds, towards the chest, similar to ventral.
Humerus
The proximal bones of the upper / front limb
Femur
The proximal bone of the lower / hind limb
Innominate
The bones of the pelvis / hips
Scapula
The shoulder blade
Cranium
Upper portion of the skull
Mandible
The lower portion of the skull / jaw bone
Tibia
The larger bone comprising of the distal lower / hind limb
Radius and Ulna
The two long bones that make up the distal part of the upper/front limb
