Lab 2 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

dichotomous tree

A

-each branch is split btwn two groups and each branch ends w a single unique item

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2
Q

phenograms

A
  • different types of tree diagrams for classification

- based on superficial and arbitrary attributes

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3
Q

independent evolution

A

-no shared ancestry and a less close relationship

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4
Q

shared ancestor

A

-common ancestry means closer relationship

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5
Q

homologies

A

-traits that appear in different organisms bc they were inherited from a common ancestor

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6
Q

phylogenies

A
  • homologous traits found on tree diagrams

- they’re the only trees considered on the path of evolution

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7
Q

homoplasies

A
  • non-homologous traits that arise

- can develop from convergence or reversal

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8
Q

novel trait

A
  • derived trait

- caused by convergence

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9
Q

convergent evolution

A
  • aka convergence
  • when a novel tait evolves independently in two lineages
  • common ancestor didn’t have the trait
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10
Q

derived trait

A

-appears via different pathways in the two species

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11
Q

reverse evolution

A
  • aka reversal

- the organism that shows the reverted trait doesn’t share it w other organisms bc a common ancestor had the trait

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12
Q

MRCA

A
  • aka most recent common ancestor

- the species at the node that is the highest up (most recent) that unties all species in a given group

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13
Q

UCA

A
  • aka universal common ancestor

- the oldest species in the tree diagram that every species younger (or above it) is related to

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14
Q

LUCA

A
  • aka last recent common ancestor
  • the first organism to give rise to all other life
  • appears on/based off of the entire tree of life
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15
Q

basal

A

-lowest/ancestral

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16
Q

natural classification

A

-when organisms are classified together based on having a common ancestor

17
Q

taxonomy

A

-the practice of describing, naming, and classifying earth’s diverse organisms

18
Q

who created the classification system?

A
  • Carolus Linnaeus

- called the Linnaeus system

19
Q

how many domains are there and what are they?

A
  • 3 domains

- Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya