Lab 2 Review Flashcards
dichotomous tree
-each branch is split btwn two groups and each branch ends w a single unique item
phenograms
- different types of tree diagrams for classification
- based on superficial and arbitrary attributes
independent evolution
-no shared ancestry and a less close relationship
shared ancestor
-common ancestry means closer relationship
homologies
-traits that appear in different organisms bc they were inherited from a common ancestor
phylogenies
- homologous traits found on tree diagrams
- they’re the only trees considered on the path of evolution
homoplasies
- non-homologous traits that arise
- can develop from convergence or reversal
novel trait
- derived trait
- caused by convergence
convergent evolution
- aka convergence
- when a novel tait evolves independently in two lineages
- common ancestor didn’t have the trait
derived trait
-appears via different pathways in the two species
reverse evolution
- aka reversal
- the organism that shows the reverted trait doesn’t share it w other organisms bc a common ancestor had the trait
MRCA
- aka most recent common ancestor
- the species at the node that is the highest up (most recent) that unties all species in a given group
UCA
- aka universal common ancestor
- the oldest species in the tree diagram that every species younger (or above it) is related to
LUCA
- aka last recent common ancestor
- the first organism to give rise to all other life
- appears on/based off of the entire tree of life
basal
-lowest/ancestral
