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BIOL 1410 LABS > LAB 2 - Histology and Integumentary System (SKIN) > Flashcards

LAB 2 - Histology and Integumentary System (SKIN) Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)

A
  • Closely packed cells with little extracellular material; forms protective barriers, lining surfaces; avascular.
  • Skin
  • Lining of the Digestive Tract
  • Glands
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2
Q

Muscle Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)

A
  • Cells are long and contractile; generates movement; three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
  • Skeletal Muscles
  • Heart
  • Walls of Intestines
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2
Q

Connective Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)

A
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3
Q

Nervous Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)

A
  • Contains neurons that transmit electrical signals and glial cells that support neurons; specialized for communication.
  • Brain
  • Spinal Cord
  • Nerves
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4
Q

Simple Cuboidal (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Single layer of cube-shaped cells with round nuclei in the center. Found in kidney tubules, glands.
  • e.g Kidney tubule lining
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4
Q

Simple Columnar (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Single layer of tall, column-like cells with oval nuclei near the base; may have microvilli or goblet cells. Found in digestive tract lining.
  • e.g. small intestine lining
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5
Q

Dense Regular (Connective Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers with a few fibroblasts in between; provides strong attachment in one direction.
  • Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone).
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6
Q

Stratified Squamous (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Multiple layers, with flat cells on the surface; cells near the base are more cuboidal. Found in skin, mouth, esophagus.
  • e.g epidermis
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7
Q

Glandular (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Cells organized in clusters or rows; specialized for secretion; may be endocrine (ductless) or exocrine (with ducts).
  • e.g. goblet cell
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8
Q

Areolar (Connective Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Loose arrangement of fibers (collagen and elastic) with lots of ground substance and scattered cells, mainly fibroblasts.
  • Found under the skin, around organs; acts as packing material.
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8
Q

Adipose (Connective Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Large, closely packed cells filled with fat droplets; nucleus pushed to the side, giving a “signet ring”
    appearance.
  • Found in subcutaneous layer, around organs for cushioning.
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9
Q

Epidermis (Skin Structure)

A
  • Protective outer layer; prevents water loss, microbial invasion.
  • Stratified squamous epithelium
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9
Q

Hair Root (Skin Structure)

A
  • Base of the hair inside the follicle; actively grows hair.
  • Epithelial cells
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10
Q

Hypodermis (Skin Structure)

A
  • Insulates and cushions the body; anchors skin to underlying tissues.
  • Areolar and adipose connective tissue
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10
Q

Dense irregular (Connective Tissue Subtype)

A
  • Thick bundles of collagen fibers arranged irregularly to withstand tension from multiple directions.
  • Found in dermis of skin, organ capsules, joint capsules.
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11
Q

Hair follicle (Skin Structure)

A
  • Houses hair root; plays a role in temperature regulation and sensation.
  • Epithelial tissue and connective tissue
11
Q

Dermis (Skin Structure)

A
  • Supports epidermis; contains nerves, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
12
Q

Meissner’s (tactile) Corpuscles (Skin Structure)

A
  • Detects light touch and texture.
  • Nervous tissue
13
Q

Stratum Lucidum (Epidermis)

A
  • Clear, thin layer of dead keratinocytes; appears translucent; found only in thick skin.
  • Thick Skin: Present as a distinct layer.
  • Thin Skin: Absent.
13
Q

Hair Shaft (Skin Structure)

A
  • Visible part of the hair above the skin surface; provides protection and sensation.
  • Keratinized epithelial cells
14
Q

Stratum Granulosum (Epidermis)

A
  • Contains granules (keratohyalin) that start keratinization; cells begin to die and lose nuclei.
  • Thick Skin: More prominent granules, slightly thicker.
  • Thin Skin: Thinner, fewer layers.
14
Q

Sebaceous Gland (Skin Structure)

A
  • Secretes sebum (oil) to lubricate skin and hair.
  • Glandular epithelial tissue
14
Q

Stratum Corneum (Epidermis)

A
  • Outermost layer; flat, dead, keratinized cells; thickest in thick skin; protects against abrasion and water loss.
  • Thick Skin: Very thick layer (e.g., palms, soles).
  • Thin Skin: Much thinner layer.
15
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle (Skin Structure)

A
  • Contracts to raise hair, causing “goosebumps” for insulation and emotional response.
  • Smooth muscle tissue
16
Q

Stratum Spinosum (Epidermis)

A
  • Contains multiple layers of spiny-shaped cells connected by desmosomes; site of some cell division.
  • Thick Skin: Thicker, with more cell layers.
  • Thin Skin: Thinner with fewer cell layers.
16
Q

Sweat Gland (Skin Structure)

A
  • Produces sweat for thermoregulation and waste excretion.
  • Glandular epithelial tissue
17
Q

Pacinian (lamellar) Corpuscles (Skin Structure)

A
  • Detects deep pressure and vibration.
  • Nervous tissue
18
Q

Papillary layer (Dermis)

A
  • Provides nutrients to the epidermis, contains sensory receptors, and helps regulate temperature.
  • Thin, upper layer with dermal papillae (projections into the epidermis); contains capillaries and Meissner’s corpuscles.
  • Areolar connective tissue
18
Q

Stratum Basale (Epidermis)

A
  • Deepest layer; single row of cuboidal or columnar cells; contains melanocytes; site of active
  • Both Thick and Thin Skin: Single layer, essential for replenishing cells in the layers above.
19
Q

Reticular Layer (Dermis)

A
  • Provides strength and elasticity, houses larger blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles.
  • Thicker, lower layer with dense irregular connective tissue; contains collagen and elastin fibers, as well as larger blood vessels and nerves.
  • Dense irregular connective tissue

BIOL 1410 LABS (5 decks)

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