LAB 2 - Histology and Integumentary System (SKIN) Flashcards
1
Q
Epithelial Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)
A
- Closely packed cells with little extracellular material; forms protective barriers, lining surfaces; avascular.
- Skin
- Lining of the Digestive Tract
- Glands
2
Q
Muscle Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)
A
- Cells are long and contractile; generates movement; three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth.
- Skeletal Muscles
- Heart
- Walls of Intestines
2
Q
Connective Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)
A
3
Q
Nervous Tissue (4 Major Tissue Types)
A
- Contains neurons that transmit electrical signals and glial cells that support neurons; specialized for communication.
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Nerves
4
Q
Simple Cuboidal (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)
A
- Single layer of cube-shaped cells with round nuclei in the center. Found in kidney tubules, glands.
- e.g Kidney tubule lining
4
Q
Simple Columnar (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)
A
- Single layer of tall, column-like cells with oval nuclei near the base; may have microvilli or goblet cells. Found in digestive tract lining.
- e.g. small intestine lining
5
Q
Dense Regular (Connective Tissue Subtype)
A
- Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers with a few fibroblasts in between; provides strong attachment in one direction.
- Tendons (muscle to bone), ligaments (bone to bone).
6
Q
Stratified Squamous (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)
A
- Multiple layers, with flat cells on the surface; cells near the base are more cuboidal. Found in skin, mouth, esophagus.
- e.g epidermis
7
Q
Glandular (Epithelial Tissue Subtype)
A
- Cells organized in clusters or rows; specialized for secretion; may be endocrine (ductless) or exocrine (with ducts).
- e.g. goblet cell
8
Q
Areolar (Connective Tissue Subtype)
A
- Loose arrangement of fibers (collagen and elastic) with lots of ground substance and scattered cells, mainly fibroblasts.
- Found under the skin, around organs; acts as packing material.
8
Q
Adipose (Connective Tissue Subtype)
A
- Large, closely packed cells filled with fat droplets; nucleus pushed to the side, giving a “signet ring”
appearance. - Found in subcutaneous layer, around organs for cushioning.
9
Q
Epidermis (Skin Structure)
A
- Protective outer layer; prevents water loss, microbial invasion.
- Stratified squamous epithelium
9
Q
Hair Root (Skin Structure)
A
- Base of the hair inside the follicle; actively grows hair.
- Epithelial cells
10
Q
Hypodermis (Skin Structure)
A
- Insulates and cushions the body; anchors skin to underlying tissues.
- Areolar and adipose connective tissue
10
Q
Dense irregular (Connective Tissue Subtype)
A
- Thick bundles of collagen fibers arranged irregularly to withstand tension from multiple directions.
- Found in dermis of skin, organ capsules, joint capsules.
11
Q
Hair follicle (Skin Structure)
A
- Houses hair root; plays a role in temperature regulation and sensation.
- Epithelial tissue and connective tissue
11
Q
Dermis (Skin Structure)
A
- Supports epidermis; contains nerves, blood vessels, glands, and sensory structures.
- Dense irregular connective tissue
12
Q
Meissner’s (tactile) Corpuscles (Skin Structure)
A
- Detects light touch and texture.
- Nervous tissue
13
Q
Stratum Lucidum (Epidermis)
A
- Clear, thin layer of dead keratinocytes; appears translucent; found only in thick skin.
- Thick Skin: Present as a distinct layer.
- Thin Skin: Absent.
13
Q
Hair Shaft (Skin Structure)
A
- Visible part of the hair above the skin surface; provides protection and sensation.
- Keratinized epithelial cells
14
Q
Stratum Granulosum (Epidermis)
A
- Contains granules (keratohyalin) that start keratinization; cells begin to die and lose nuclei.
- Thick Skin: More prominent granules, slightly thicker.
- Thin Skin: Thinner, fewer layers.
14
Q
Sebaceous Gland (Skin Structure)
A
- Secretes sebum (oil) to lubricate skin and hair.
- Glandular epithelial tissue
14
Q
Stratum Corneum (Epidermis)
A
- Outermost layer; flat, dead, keratinized cells; thickest in thick skin; protects against abrasion and water loss.
- Thick Skin: Very thick layer (e.g., palms, soles).
- Thin Skin: Much thinner layer.
15
Q
Arrector Pili Muscle (Skin Structure)
A
- Contracts to raise hair, causing “goosebumps” for insulation and emotional response.
- Smooth muscle tissue
16
Q
Stratum Spinosum (Epidermis)
A
- Contains multiple layers of spiny-shaped cells connected by desmosomes; site of some cell division.
- Thick Skin: Thicker, with more cell layers.
- Thin Skin: Thinner with fewer cell layers.
16
Q
Sweat Gland (Skin Structure)
A
- Produces sweat for thermoregulation and waste excretion.
- Glandular epithelial tissue
17
Q
Pacinian (lamellar) Corpuscles (Skin Structure)
A
- Detects deep pressure and vibration.
- Nervous tissue
18
Q
Papillary layer (Dermis)
A
- Provides nutrients to the epidermis, contains sensory receptors, and helps regulate temperature.
- Thin, upper layer with dermal papillae (projections into the epidermis); contains capillaries and Meissner’s corpuscles.
- Areolar connective tissue
18
Q
Stratum Basale (Epidermis)
A
- Deepest layer; single row of cuboidal or columnar cells; contains melanocytes; site of active
- Both Thick and Thin Skin: Single layer, essential for replenishing cells in the layers above.
19
Q
Reticular Layer (Dermis)
A
- Provides strength and elasticity, houses larger blood vessels, glands, and hair follicles.
- Thicker, lower layer with dense irregular connective tissue; contains collagen and elastin fibers, as well as larger blood vessels and nerves.
- Dense irregular connective tissue
