lab 2 exam

Question 1

defining characteristics of rotifers

Answer 1

eutelic - only has a set number of cells
corona - anterior region of hair like cilia used for food collection and locomotion
pharynx - hardened jaws adapted for grasping, piercing or grinding prey

Question 2

Defining characteristics - Annelids

Answer 2

appendix

Question 3

what is Clitellum ?

Answer 3

large band about 1/3 ways down worms body, used during reproduction to transfer sperm between individuals and secreting a cocoon that holds the fertilized egg

Question 4

difference in annelids and nematodes

Answer 4

annelids are segmented and do not have tapered ends
nematodes are unsegmented and have tapered ends (round worm)

Question 5

defining characteristics Nematode:

Answer 5

bilateral symmetry, covered by a thin, tough cuticle,
some are free-living and some are parasitic

Question 6

one parasitic nematode and how it effects the host

Answer 6

Ascaris Lumbricoides- affects humans and pigs, growth retardation and malnutrition

Question 7

defining characteristics Arthropods

Answer 7

segmentation, specialized sense organs, chitin exoskelaton

Question 8

grasshoppers

Answer 8

three body segments, three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and wings

Question 9

crayfish

Answer 9

two body segments, five pairs of legs, two pairs of antennae and claws

Question 10

grasshoppers and crayfish

Answer 10

both arthropods, have segmented bodies, exoskeletons made out of chitinc

Question 11

compare and contrast male and female crayfish

Answer 11

female crayfish are smaller, have smaller claws, wider tails, and larger swimmerets compared to males

Question 12

compare and contrast male and female grasshoppers

Answer 12

female grasshoppers are larger and greener then the males, males are typically brown, black or tan. Females have an ovipositor

Question 13

hexapod

Answer 13

example, bumble bee, head thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs on thorax one pair of antennae, one pair of mandibles

Question 14

crustecea

Answer 14

example, lobster, two pairs of antennae, one pair of mandibles

Question 15

Myriapoda

Answer 15

example, centipede, body divided into head and segmented trunk, one or two pairs of legs per body segment, one pair of antennae

Question 16

chelicerata

Answer 16

black widow spider, lack of antennae and mandibles

Question 17

trilobitomorpha

Answer 17

ex trilobites, extinct

Question 18

why are hexapods one of the most successful of the arthropods

Answer 18

wings

Question 19

pros and cons of an exoskeleton

Answer 19

pros: better protection for internal organs, protection from predators, prevents animal from drying out
cons: exoskeleton does not grow with animal, they have to molt

Question 20

pros and cons of open circulatory system

Answer 20

pros: deal with extreme temperature and pressure
cons; its not as efficient as a closed circulatory system

Question 21

which class has the most species and why?

Answer 21

Hexapods - wings, more complex feeding, coevolution of angiosperms and insect pollinators
beetles are within this group and they have the most species

Question 22

defining characteristics Chondrichthyes

Answer 22

fusiform body and lateral line system
has eyes, nostrils, mouth and spiracles (modified gill slits)

Question 23

male Chondrichthyes from females

Answer 23

males have claspers

Question 24

pros and cons of cartilaginous skeleton

Answer 24

pros: less dense, less energy needed to move fast, provides best bending support
cons: less protective, doesn’t provide unbending support

Question 25

Phylum Chordata - 4 defining characteristics

Answer 25

dorsal hollow nerve cord (becomes central nervous system), notochord, post-anal tail, pharyngeal slits or clefts, becomes ears, gills eyes, mouth

Question 26

defining characteristics amphibians

Answer 26

moist skin, rely on skin to breathe, has to be wet,

Question 27

basic life cycle

Answer 27

metamorphosis ( larva and adult stages)

Question 28

amphabian respiratory system

Answer 28

larva: gills and skin
adults: lungs and skin
Gas exchange through the skin makes them bioindicators, sensitive to pollution

Question 29

how many chambers does a frog heart have

Answer 29

3

Question 30

defining characteristics of birds

Answer 30

they are reptile
endothermic - heat through metabolism
amniotes- eggs without a tie to water
four chambered heart
well developed eyes

Question 31

several adaptions for flight

Answer 31

hollow bones, no bladder, endothermy, some have only one gonad, feathers, huge strong pectoral muscles

Question 32

defining characteristics mammals

Answer 32

four chambered heart, endothermic, mammary glands, hair and amniotes

Question 33

look at a dissected rat and be able to identify heart, lungs, stomach, etc etc

Answer 33

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Question 34

rats male vs female

Answer 34

in rats, females have both urethral and vaginal orifice