Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO121 LAB > Lab 2 - Eukaryotes > Flashcards

Lab 2 - Eukaryotes Flashcards

1
Q

Eukaryotes

A
  • larger
  • more complex
  • has membrane-bound organelles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nucleus (eukaryotes)

A

membrane bound organelle containing chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chloroplasts (eukaryotes)

A

contains chlorophyll and its where photosynthesis takes place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mitochondria (eukaryotes)

A

Generates most of the cell’s energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytoskeleton (eukaryotes)

A
  • composed of microtubules and microfilaments
  • cell’s organization and shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Domain eukarya consist of 4 kingdoms:

A
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
  • Animalia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Representative organisms:

A
  • Amoeba (Amoebozoa)
  • Paramecium (ciliates)
  • Micrasterias (charophyta)
  • Fucus (Phaeophyta)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amoeba

A
  • animal-like
  • ability to change body shape
  • unicellular
  • heterotrophic
  • motile (crawls along)
  • asexual by mitosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

pseudopodia

A
  • lobe-like extensions of body
  • engulfs prey and allows it to move
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

control of water balance (osmoregulation)
- transparent and circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phagocytosis

A

Process of cell engulfing another cell or body, used for feeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

food vacuole

A

membrane-bound organelle that contains and digests food obtained by phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intracellular digestion

A
  • food is digested within food vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mitosis

A

division of a nucleus to produce two identical daughter nuclei with chromosome complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Amoeba structure:

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • contractile vacuole
  • nucleus (grey and granular)
  • pseudopodium
  • food vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Friends of Amoeba

A
  • entamoeba gingivalis
  • entamoeba histolytica
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adaptations of Amoeba

A
  • contractile vacuole uses osmoregulation to control water balance to prevent cell from bursting
  • pseudopodia allows cell to change shape
  • uses organelles and specialized regions to carry out basic functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paramecium

A
  • animal-like
  • motile, uses cilia
  • two types of nuclei
  • heterotrophic (bacteria and small protists)
  • active swimmer, large
  • two contractile vacuoles
  • reproduces both sexually and asexually (conjugation and mitosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cilia

A
  • uses to propel forward, coats the body (eyelash-like)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pellicle

A
  • firm flexible outer covering
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Oral groove

A
  • how food is moves, side of paramecium
22
Q

Cell mouth

A
  • after oral groove, where food enters the body
23
Q

Macronucleus

A
  • large, bean-shaped
  • involved with metabolism
24
Q

Micronucleus

A
  • smaller
  • store genetic material and involved in sexual reproduction
25
Q

Conjugation

A
  • sexually by two lining up side by side and exchange micronuclei through a bridge of cytoplasm
26
Q

Paramecium structure

A
  • cell membrane
  • cilia
  • pellicle
  • oral groove
  • cell mouth
  • food vacuole
  • contractile vacuole
  • cytoplasm
  • macronucleus
  • micronucleus
27
Q

Friends of paramecium

A
  • Stentor
  • Euglena
  • Spirostomum
28
Q

Adaptations of paramecium

A
  • Can swim quickly and change directions with cilia
  • Has two contractile vacuoles, at each end, used to maintain correct water balance
  • micronuclei store genetic information
  • in the macronucleus chromosomes undergo repeated duplications, resulting in multiple copies of chromosomes to allow the cell to produce enough enzymes and other molecules to control their large, active body
29
Q

Micrasterias

A
  • autotrophic
  • motile
  • asexually and sexually (mitosis and conjugation)
  • plant-like
30
Q

semi-cells

A

half cells

31
Q

Isthmus

A
  • joins semi-cells
32
Q

Pyrenoid

A
  • small round, embedded in the chloroplast
33
Q

Micrasterias structure

A
  • cell wall
  • chloroplast
  • nucleus
  • isthmus
  • pyrenoid
34
Q

Zygospore

A

matured zygote, thick protective wall and cell forming

35
Q

Friends of micrasterias

A
  • protococcus
  • selenastrum
  • chlamydomomas
  • ulothrix
  • volvox
  • scenedesmus
  • ulva
  • porphyra (red algae)
36
Q

Adaptations of micrasterias

A
  • cell wall prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
  • contains chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b enzymes required for photosynthesis
  • pyrenoids convert sugar to a storage product (starch), which is kept as a food reserve for alga’s use
  • zygospore can remain dormant for many months and survive cold winter temperatures or long periods of drought
37
Q

Fucus (brown algae called wracks)

A
  • plant-like
  • multicellular, large
  • autotrophic
38
Q

What kind of different photosynthetic pigments does the fucus have?

A
  • chlorophylls c1 and c2
  • fucoxanthin
39
Q

Fucoxanthin

A
  • brown pigment
40
Q

Pneumatocysts

A

air sacs (bladders)

41
Q

Holdfasts

A
  • specialized root-like structures
  • at base of the stipe
42
Q

Thallus

A
  • multicellular body of fucus
43
Q

Blade (lamina)

A
  • in thallus
  • flattened, leaf-like
44
Q

Stipe

A
  • in thallus
  • thin stem-like
45
Q

Receptacles

A
  • swollen tips, on some of the branches
46
Q

Conceptacle

A
  • tip of each tiny bump on the receptacle, cave-like cavity]
  • contain sexual reproductive structures
47
Q

Fucus structure

A
  • thallus
  • blade (lamina)
  • stipe
  • holdfast
  • pneumatocysts
  • receptacle
  • conceptacle
  • dichotomous branching (equally, Y shaped)
48
Q

Friends of fucus

A
  • Kelp (laminaria)
  • diatoms
49
Q

Adaptations of fucus

A
  • conceptacle is an adaptation to its coastal habitat, preventing the sexual organs from drying out at low tide
  • tiny hairs block opening to conceptacle, reducing evaporations
  • holdfasts attach to the surface to stay in one place
  • pneumatocysts (air sacs) scattered throughout its body keeps the algae floating at high tide
50
Q

Zygote

A

diploid cell formed when two gametes fuse

BIO121 LAB (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions