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BIO 130 Lab > Lab #2 Anatomical terminology > Flashcards

Lab #2 Anatomical terminology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What sort of advantages or disadvantages can you think of to have different levels of organization?

A

Advantage:
- specialization in cells increasing the efficiency in tasks
- provides the body with the greater complexity and functionality without a multicellular organisms, leading to increased survival and reproductive success

Disadvantage: complexity/ energy requirement
= higher energy requirement

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2
Q

Levels of structural organization in the body

A
  1. atom
  2. cells
  3. tissues
  4. organs
  5. organ system
  6. organism
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3
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin
- protects against environemntal hazards
- helps regulating body temp
- provides sensory info

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4
Q

Skeletal system

A

bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons
- provides support & protections for other tissues
- stores calcium & other minerals
- forms blood cells

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5
Q

Muscular system

A

composed of specialized cells called muscle fibres. = muscle
- provides movement
- provides protection& support for other tissues
- generates heat that maintains body temp

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6
Q

Lymphatic system

A

lymph vessles, nodes, bone marrow
- defends against infections & diseases
- returns tissue fluids to bloodstream

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7
Q

Respiratory system

A

heart/ lungs/ alveoli
- delivers air to alveoli
- provides oxygen to blood stream
- provides sounds for communications
- take away carbon dioxide from bloodstream

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8
Q

Digestive system

A
  • processess & digests food
  • absorbs nutrients
  • stores energy
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9
Q

nervous system

A
  • directs immadiate responses to stimuli
  • coordinates or moderates activities of other organ system
  • provides sensory info ab the external environment
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10
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart, blood vessels

  • distributes bllood cells, H20 and other materials including nutrients, waster products and oxygen and dioxide.
  • distributes heat & assists maintaining the body temp
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11
Q

urinary system

A
  • excretes waste products from the blood
  • controls water balance by regulating volume of urine produced
  • stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
  • regulates blood icon concentration & ph
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12
Q

Reproductive system

A

(male)
- produces sperms, seminal fluids, hormones
- sexual intercourse

(female)
- produces oocytes & hormones
- supports developing embryo from fertilization to delivery
- provides milk to newal intercourse

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13
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis (w/ little to no extracellular matrix) :
- a top layer of the body
- protects the body from the external environment
(the biggest protection of all organs)

Dermis (separates other tissue types)
- the layer of skin that lies beneath the epidermis
- support & protect the epidermis and deeper layer, assist in thermoregulation

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14
Q

Exampels of accessory structures of the skin

A
  1. Hair
    - keeps body warm by presenting heat (thermoregulation)
  2. nails
    - protects the digits and contributing to tactile sensation
  3. sweat glands
    - to control body temp by producing sweats
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15
Q

hypodermis

A

the hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue) is a lyaer directly below the dermis, and serves to connect the skin to the underlying fibrous tissue of the bones/ muscles

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16
Q

Body cavity

A

1) thoracic cavity: heart (pericardial cavity - a fluid filled sac)
2) abdominopelvic cavity: located below the diaphragm (peritoneal cavity - true cavity)
3) pleural cavity: lungs - space between the pleurae of pleural sac that surrounds each lung
4) mediastinum: between the lunds
- contains heart, great vessels, tranchea, and essential nerves

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17
Q

Four addonminoplevic Quadrants

A

1) left upper
2) right upper
3) left lower
4) right lower

18
Q

Nine abdominopelvic regions

A

1) left hypochondriac region
2) right hychondriac region
3) left lumber region
4) right lumber region
5) left linguine region
6) right linguine region
7) epigastric region
8) umbilical region
9) hypogastic region

19
Q

Identify the organ system that the duodenum is part of and layers of the duodenum

A

Digestive system,

Layers:
1) mucosa
- absorbs nutrients
- protects tisuses from stomach acid
2) submucosa
- secretes mucus rich in sodium bicarbonate, chemical that helps neutralize stomach acids
3) muscular layer
- contracts to move food through the intestine
4) serosa
- provides a barrier to other organs

20
Q

What special surface features are found on the epithelial cells facing the lumen and what is their main funtions?

A

Microvilli: increasing surface areas for absorbtion and secretion
cillia: for the movement to sweep out the dust, mucus and debris

21
Q

What are some other organs that have a lumen?

A

The esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon

22
Q

Anatomical position

A

you know that
- standing towards (supine position)

23
Q

Directional terms

A
  1. superior (cranial)
  2. inferior (caudal)
  3. anterior (ventreal)
  4. posterior (dosal)
  5. medial
  6. lateral
  7. proximal
  8. distal
  9. superficial
  10. deep
  11. parietal
  12. visceral
    *make sure to write a full sentence:
    (e.g. A is inferior relative to B)
24
Q

Anatomical landmarks of the body

A
  • abdominal (stomach)
  • pelvic (pelvis)
  • coxal (hip)
  • pubic (vagina)
  • otic (ears)
  • frontal (forehead)
  • orbital (eyes)
  • nasal (nose)
  • cervical (neck)
  • thoracic (chest)
  • lumbar (low back)
  • sacral (sacrum)
  • axillary (armpit)
  • politeal (back of knee)
  • fermoral (thigh)
  • plantar (bottom of foot)
25
Q

Pelvic

A

pelvis

26
Q

coxal

A

hip

27
Q

pubic

A

vagina

28
Q

otic

A

ears

29
Q

frontal

A

forehead

30
Q

orbital

A

eyes

31
Q

cervical

A

neck

32
Q

nose

A

nasal

33
Q

thoracic

A

Chest

34
Q

lumbar

A

low back

35
Q

sacral

A

Sacrum

36
Q

Axillary

A

armpit

37
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

38
Q

Femoral

A

thigh

39
Q

plantar

A

bottom of foot

40
Q

Why correct use of these terms is important in a clinical setting?

A

to ensure clear, accurate communication with colleagues in both clinical and scientific settings.

BIO 130 Lab (4 decks)

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