Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bio 2 Prac 1 > Lab 2 > Flashcards

Lab 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What characteristics found in supergroup Archaeplastida?

A

Similar DNA sequences and cell structure
Plastids are endosymbiotic Cyanobacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When did Archaeplastida evolve?

A

Over a billion years ago

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are four clades included in supergroup?

A

Rhodophyta, Chlorphytes, Charophytes, Land plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are general characteristics of clade rhodophyta?

A

Red pigments (phycoerythrin)
Life cycle lacks a flagellated stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do red algae live?

A

Warm coastal waters or tropical oceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are red algae used?

A

Eaten as “nori”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Red algae in fingerbowl belongs to which generation?

A

Haploid (n) or tetraploid (4n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Characteristics for clade Chlorophytes

A

Similar pigments to land plants (chlorophyll A and B and carotenoids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name of kingdom combining chlorophytes and higher plants

A

Virdiplantae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are chlorophytes found?

A

Marine
Freshwater
Terrestrial
Snow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What two groups are called Green Algae?

A

Chlorophytes and Charophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Chlorophyta example
Volvox cellular organization, characteristics, habitat

A

Colonial species | vegetative cells, daughter colonies, and protoplasmic strands | freshwater algae and is found in ponds, ditches, and shallow puddles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chlorophyta example
Protococcus cellular organization, charcterisrics, habitat

A

Unicellular in small colonies | NONE | Thin, green covering on moist shaded side of trees, rocks, and soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chlorophyta example
Ulothrix cellular organization, characteristics, habitat

A

Multicellular filaments with a single bracelet-like chloroplasts in each cell | chloroplasts | freshwater marine environments thriving in spring/winter in cool temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure in Ulothrix demonstrates specialization?

A

Holdfast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are Ulothrix filaments haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Protococcus most confused with?

A

Mosses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics for clade Charophytes

A

Similar color pigments to higher plants (chlorophyll A and B and carotenoids)
Closest relative of land plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are charophytes found?

A

Ponds and lakes with ancestors of higher plants living on the edge and subject to drying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are gametes referred to as? Why?

A

Isogametes because they’re the same size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

4 distinctive traits charophytes share with higher plants

A

Rings of cellulose synthesizing proteins
Peroxisome enzymes
Structure of flagellated sperm
Formation of a phragmoplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Charophytes examples
Desmids cellular organization, characteristics, habitats

A

Unicellular | Nucleus, isthmus, and chloroplasts | floating in freshwater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Charophytes example
Spirogyra cellular organization, characteristics, habitat

A

Multicellular filaments | chloroplasts, conjugation tube, male and female gametes, and zygospores | freshwater ponds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Supergroup unikonta characteristics and evolved from?

A

Single flagella, fusion of 3 genes, tube-shaped pseudopodia and Evolved from other eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
General characteristics of amoebozoans
Lobed or tube-shaped pseudopodia Evolved
26
General characteristics of slime molds
Thought to be fungi due to hyphae and fruiting bodies
27
What do slime molds feed on?
Microorganisms that live in any type of dead plant material feed on bacteria, yeasts, and fungi
28
Where are slime molds found?
Soil Lawns Forest Floor Decomposing logs
29
What are the general characteristics of Plasmodial Slime Molds?
Brightly colored (orange or yellow) Multi-nucleated hyphae (coenocytic)
30
Where are plasmodial slime molds found?
Soil Lawns Forest floor Decomposing logs
31
Why do plasmodial slime molds form a plasmodium?
Feeding and reproduction
32
General characteristics of cellular slime molds
Clear Mono-nucleated hyphae (septate)
33
Where are cellular slime molds found?
Dung Soil Rotting Mushrooms Decaying leaves Organic materials
34
Why do cellular slime molds form a plasmodium?
Stress and reproduction
35
General characteristics of gymnamoebas
Broad pseudopods Lack a test
36
Where do gymnamoebas live?
Marine Freshwater Soil
37
How do gymnamoebas feed?
Free living heterotrophs feeding on detritus
38
General characteristics of Entamoebas
Parasitic
39
Species that Entamoebas infect
All classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates
40
How many Entamoeba species found in humans
6
41
Which Entamoeba is pathogenic in humans?
Entamoeba histolytica
42
Symptoms caused by Entamoeba and how many deaths?
Amoebic dysentery Up to 100,000 deaths
43
General characteristics of Opisthokonts
Flagellated cells (animal sperm and chytrid spores) propel themselves with a single posterior flagellum
44
General characteristics of Nucleariids
Amoeboid species that contain a posterior flagella
45
Where are Nucleariids found?
Freshwater Soil
46
Why do nucleariids form pseudopods?
Feeding and locomotion
47
General characteristics of Choanoflagellates
Free-living unicellular and colonial flagellated eukaryotes Similar makeup to collar cells in sponges
48
Where are choanoflagellates found?
Marine Freshwater Brackish Pelagic and benthic zones
49
What does DNA suggest Choanoflagellates are a sister group to?
Animal Kingdom
50
Supergroup of Kingdom Fungi and what characteristic are responsible for positioning
Unikonta because DNA comparison and posterior flagella
51
General characteristics of fungi
Multicellular heterotrophs acquire nutrients by absorption
52
How many species of fungi found? How many exist?
100,000 species, 1.5 million exist
53
When did fungi show on fossil record? How long ago diverge from animals? Why the discrepancy?
460 million years ago 1 billion years ago Discrepancies due to ancestors of terrestrial fungi did not fossilize well
54
General characteristics of Chytrids
Coenocytic hyphae (no cross ways) Unicellular
55
Where are Chytrids found?
Lakes Soils
56
What do Chytrids have in common with protists?
Uniflagellated cells
57
What do Chytrids have in common with fungi?
Chitin cell wall Absorptive mode of eating
58
Common name of Zygomycota? What is the example?
Bread mold Rhizopus nigercans
59
General characteristics of Zygomycota
Coenocytic hyphae (no cell walls) and found on food
60
Where are Zygomycota found?
Bread, peaches, strawberries, sweet potato
61
Names of hyphae traveling horizontally
Stolons
62
Names of hyphae that travel downward
Rhizoids
63
Structure Rhizopus uses to reproduce asexually
Sporangia
64
Genetic reproduction in Rhizopus
Conjugation
65
Fusion of cytoplasm
Plasmogamy
66
Cell has two nuclei
Dikaryotic
67
Nuclei fuse together
Karyogamy
68
What hyphae do Arbuscular Mycorrhizae have?
Coenocytic with Mutualistic relationships with plant roots
69
What are arbuscules?
Hyphae tips that enter plant roots and branch into tree like structures
70
Percentage of plant species with symbiotic relationships with fungi
90%
71
Common name of Ascomycota and some examples
Sac fungi Yeast, truffles, Dutch Elm disease, mold
72
General characteristics in Ascomycota
Septate hyphae (cross walls) Reproduce with asci
73
Where are Ascomycota found?
Marine Freshwater Terrestrial
74
Name of mushroom in Ascomycota
Ascocarp
75
What was the name division Ascomycota used to be placed in? Why are they Imperfect? Why are they placed in Ascomycota?
Deuteromycota —> Ascomycota Imperfect because they have an unknown sexual stage Because they reproduce asexually by conidia
76
How do Ascomycota reproduce asexually
Conidia
77
Common name for Basidiomycota and examples
Club fungi Mushrooms, puffballs, toadstools, smuts and rusts
78
General characteristics of Basidomycota
Septate hyphae (cross walls) Basidia
79
Where are Basidiomycota found?
Terrestrial (deadwood and plant matter)
81
Name of mushrooms in Basidiomycota
Basidiocarps
82
Why is it called birds nest?
Tiny egg filled nests
83
How do birds nest feed?
Saprobes
84
Where are birds nest found?
Soil covered wood chips
85
What are nest used for? How far can spores travel?
Splash cups to disperse spores one meter away
86
What hyphae do arbuscular mycorrhizae have?
Coenocytic with Mutualistic relationships with plant roots

Bio 2 Prac 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions