LAB 2 Flashcards
Used to observe minute organisms
MICROSCOPE
Functions of Microscopes in Microbiology
- Identify the features of the microorganisms
- Characterize microorganisms
- Determine the Biology of Microorganisms
has 2 lenses and uses visible light
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
Objectives of the compound Microscope
SCANNER - 4X
LPO - 10X
HPO - 40X
OIL IMMERSION OBJECTIVE - 100X
Magnification of ocular lenses
5x AND 10x
Formula for calculating the total magnification
ocular x objectives
STAINED AND UNSTAINED SLIDES
COMPOUND AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Illuminates a dark background; has a special type of condenser that scatters light
DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
Uses beam of light/electrons; Provides a high resolution of biological and non-biological samples
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
uses UV light; specific fluorescent dye; stained
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPE
Observing live organisms in their natural state; unstained and has a special condenser
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
Illuminating parts
Iris Diaphragm
Condenser
Illuminator
Uses coarse adjustment (maximized movement)
LPO and scanning
Uses Fine adjustment (minimized movement)
HPO and Oil Immersion Objective
distance of the objective to the stage
Working distance
TRUE OR FALSE
The relationship between magnification and the working distance is inversely proportional
TRUE
Mechanical Parts
Base
Arm
Nose Piece
Fine Adjustment
Coarse Adjustment
Magnifying Parts
Ocular
Objectives
Number that expresses the ability of a lens to receive fine detail in an object being observed.
Measure of the resolving power of an objective
NUMERICAL APERTURE
Numerical aperture of OIO
1.25
It’s NA is 0.25
Low Power Objective
It’s Magnification is 4x and has an NA of
Scanning; 0.1
HPO magnification and NA
40X and 0.65
COLOR BANDS
SCANNING
LPO
HPO
OIO
SCANNING - Red
LPO - Yellow
HPO - Blue
OIO - White
TRUE OR FALSE
MAGNIFICATION IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE NUMERICAL APERTURE
FALSE
Inversely proportional to numerical aperture; ACCEPTABLE SHARPNESS
DEPTH OF FOCUS
Inversely proportional to numerical aperture, but directly proportional to the depth of field;
RESOLUTION
Inversely proportional to numerical aperture; Scope
Depth of Field
constant image even if the objective was changed
PARFOCAL
houses the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope
HEAD/BODY
supports the microscope and houses the illuminator
BASE
connects to the base and supports the microscope head. It is also used to carry the microscope
ARM
what you look through at the top of the microscope
EYEPIECE
holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens
EYEPIECE TUBE
primary optical lenses on a microscope; ranging from 4x to 100x
OBJECTIVE LENSES
Houses the objectives; used to select the objective
Nosepiece
where the specimen to be viewed is placed; used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.
STAGE
when there is no mechanical stage
STAGE CLIPS
hole in the stage through which the base (transmitted) light reaches the stage
APERTURE
used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen
CONDENSER
controls the amount of light reaching the specimen
IRIS DIAPHRAGM
moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting focus on the specimen
CONDENSER FOCUS KNOBS
optical constant of the lens
FOCAL LENGTH (mm)
distance from the center of the lens to the point where parallel rays entering the lens are brought to a focus
FOCAL LENGTH (mm)
free space between the specimen surface and the objective
WORKING DISTANCE (mm)
Measure of the resolving power of an objective
NUMERICAL APERTURE
the property to recognize features of a specimen to each other as separate and distinct
RESOLVING POWER OF AN OBJECTIVE
The objectives are optically and mechanically designed so that the distance between the specimen and the aerial image is always constant
PARFOCAL
It is used in refocusing and resolve the sharpness of the image after changing from one objective to another
FINE FOCUS KNOB
TRUE OF FALSE:
Place the microscope close to the edge of the table.
TRUE
It is used to lower the body tube until the 4X or 16mm objective reaches the downward stop.
COARSE FOCUS KNOB
The circular area seen in the eyepiece
FIELD OF VISION
It is used for initial focusing and viewing.
SCANNING OBJECTIVE
TRUE OR FALSE
The higher the magnification, the lower the depth of focus.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE:
The higher the power of objective, the lesser is the area of the specimen surface included in the field of vision.
TRUE
Thickness of the layer within the boundaries of which all points appear to be sharply in focus
Depth of Focus
TRUE OF FALSE:
The depth of focus is inversely proportional to the square of the numerical aperture.
TRUE
