Lab 2 Flashcards
What does a cell wall do?
It protects and supports the cell.
What does the plasma membrane do?
It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable. It holds the cell contents.
What does the nucleus do?
It stores DNA and directs protein synthesis.
What is the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus called?
The nuclear envelope.
Where are nucleoli found?
In the nucleus.
What does the nucleolus do?
It manufactures ribosomal subunits.
What does the central vacuole do? How much space does it take up?
It gives support to the plant cell when it is expanded. It holds water and enzymes. It takes up 85-90% of the volume of the cell.
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
What is the function of the mitochondria?
The site of cellular respiration.
What is ATP for?
it is the primary source of energy used for cellular processes.
Are plastids found in plant or animal cells?
Plant cells.
What are the 3 main types of plastids?
- chloroplasts
- chromoplasts
- leucoplasts
What occurs in chloroplasts?
photosynthesis (the use of light energy to synthesize sugars from CO2 to H2O)
What are the internal membranes inside chloroplasts called?
Thylakoid membranes.
What are the pigments in chromoplasts called?
carotenoids
What are the cytoplasmic connections that plant cells use to communicate with called?
plasmodesmata
What are leucoplasts?
They are a group of non-pigmented plastids that function in storage of starch, proteins, or fats.
What are the two types of epidermal cells?
- non-specialized epidermal cells
2. specialized epidermal cells (guard cells)
What are striations?
Layers of starch grains.
Are anthocyanins water soluble? What are they? Where are they stored?
Yes. They are pigments. They are stored in the vacuole.
What are stomata?
They are pores on cells.
What is a pseudopod?
They are cellular extensions that form as the granular cytoplasm flow forward. They allow the organism to crawl along the substrate. It is also known as a “false foot”.
What part of the cell forms the pseudopod?
the microfilaments.
What is phagocytosis?
It is when a pseudopod engulfs small animals or food particles.
What do lysosomes do?
They fuse with the food vacuole and supply enzymes to digest food in the vacuole.
What are two types of structures used for motility? What are they made of?
- cilia
- flagella
They are made of microtubules.
What is the function of the contractile vacuole?
osmoregulation.
What is the function of:
- cell wall
- cytoplasm
- Golgi apparatus
- provide support and protection
- place for processes in the cell to take place
- modify, store, and ship products to the E.R.
What is the function of:
- leucoplasts
- lysosomes
- mitochondria
- produce and store macromolecules
- digest food and waste
- cellular respiration and produces ATP
What is the function of:
- rough E.R.
- smooth E.R.
- synthesis and exporting of proteins for transport
2. lipid synthesis and modification, detox of drugs and alcohol, Ca+2 storage, break down glycogen
