Lab 2

Question 1

What does a cell wall do?

Answer 1

It protects and supports the cell.

Question 2

What does the plasma membrane do?

Answer 2

It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable. It holds the cell contents.

Question 3

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 3

It stores DNA and directs protein synthesis.

Question 4

What is the double membrane that surrounds the nucleus called?

Answer 4

The nuclear envelope.

Question 5

Where are nucleoli found?

Answer 5

In the nucleus.

Question 6

What does the nucleolus do?

Answer 6

It manufactures ribosomal subunits.

Question 7

What does the central vacuole do? How much space does it take up?

Answer 7

It gives support to the plant cell when it is expanded. It holds water and enzymes. It takes up 85-90% of the volume of the cell.

Question 8

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 8

adenosine triphosphate

Question 9

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 9

The site of cellular respiration.

Question 10

What is ATP for?

Answer 10

it is the primary source of energy used for cellular processes.

Question 11

Are plastids found in plant or animal cells?

Answer 11

Plant cells.

Question 12

What are the 3 main types of plastids?

Answer 12

1. chloroplasts
2. chromoplasts
3. leucoplasts

Question 13

What occurs in chloroplasts?

Answer 13

photosynthesis (the use of light energy to synthesize sugars from CO2 to H2O)

Question 14

What are the internal membranes inside chloroplasts called?

Answer 14

Thylakoid membranes.

Question 15

What are the pigments in chromoplasts called?

Answer 15

carotenoids

Question 16

What are the cytoplasmic connections that plant cells use to communicate with called?

Answer 16

plasmodesmata

Question 17

What are leucoplasts?

Answer 17

They are a group of non-pigmented plastids that function in storage of starch, proteins, or fats.

Question 18

What are the two types of epidermal cells?

Answer 18

1. non-specialized epidermal cells

2. specialized epidermal cells (guard cells)

Question 19

What are striations?

Answer 19

Layers of starch grains.

Question 20

Are anthocyanins water soluble? What are they? Where are they stored?

Answer 20

Yes. They are pigments. They are stored in the vacuole.

Question 21

What are stomata?

Answer 21

They are pores on cells.

Question 22

What is a pseudopod?

Answer 22

They are cellular extensions that form as the granular cytoplasm flow forward. They allow the organism to crawl along the substrate. It is also known as a “false foot”.

Question 23

What part of the cell forms the pseudopod?

Answer 23

the microfilaments.

Question 24

What is phagocytosis?

Answer 24

It is when a pseudopod engulfs small animals or food particles.

Question 25

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 25

They fuse with the food vacuole and supply enzymes to digest food in the vacuole.

Question 26

What are two types of structures used for motility? What are they made of?

Answer 26

1. cilia
2. flagella
   They are made of microtubules.

Question 27

What is the function of the contractile vacuole?

Answer 27

osmoregulation.

Question 28

What is the function of:

1. cell wall
2. cytoplasm
3. Golgi apparatus

Answer 28

1. provide support and protection
2. place for processes in the cell to take place
3. modify, store, and ship products to the E.R.

Question 29

What is the function of:

1. leucoplasts
2. lysosomes
3. mitochondria

Answer 29

1. produce and store macromolecules
2. digest food and waste
3. cellular respiration and produces ATP

Question 30

What is the function of:

1. rough E.R.
2. smooth E.R.

Answer 30

1. synthesis and exporting of proteins for transport

2. lipid synthesis and modification, detox of drugs and alcohol, Ca+2 storage, break down glycogen