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VTNE Prep > Lab > Flashcards

Lab Flashcards

1
Q

What blood components are disintegrated when hemolysis occurs?

A

Red blood cells

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2
Q

If a patient experiences diarrhea due to Trichuris vulpis, when should the veterinary technician advise a follow-up fecal examination and deworming?

A

3 months

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3
Q

What anticoagulant is the most effective preservative for use in blood glucose testing?

A

Sodium Fluoride

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4
Q

A 10 year old female poodle has just finished a 2 week course of antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. Which urine collection method is preferred for follow-up testing in this patient?

A

Cystocentesis

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5
Q

Which fecal floatation solution is preferred when testing for the presence of Giardia?

A

Zinc Sulfate

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6
Q

Which immunoglobulin is present in the greatest concentration in the bloodstream?

A

IgG

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7
Q

which immunoglobulin is the first antibody made to fight new infection, mainly found in blood and lymph.

A

IgM

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8
Q

what immunoglobulin is 75% of serum antibodies, found in all body fluids, help against bacteria and viruses.

A

IgG

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9
Q

what immunoglobulin is mainly found on mucous membranes.

A

IgA

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10
Q

what immunoglobulin has small amounts in blood, MYSTERIOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN.

A

IgD

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11
Q

Given a PCV of 42%, what is the estimated hemoglobin value?

A

14g/dl

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12
Q

how do you find hemoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin = PCV/3

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13
Q

What would likely be seen on a urinalysis and CBC of a patient with significant dehydration but that is otherwise healthy?

A

Increased urine SG and increased PCV

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14
Q

Which erythrocyte abnormality is seen in dogs with lead poisoning?

A

Basophilic Stippling

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15
Q

Prolonged corticosteroid therapy in dogs is known to cause an increase in serum levels of which enzyme?

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

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16
Q

What laboratory test evaluates kidney function and is a breakdown product of protein?

A

BUN

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17
Q

what is a breakdown product of muscle?

A

creatine

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18
Q

Hyaline casts:

A

Are clear and colorless

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19
Q

In what species is ketonuria most commonly found?

A

Bovine

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20
Q

A left shift refers to increased numbers of?

A

Immature neutrophils

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21
Q

What is the component of urinalysis?

A

Specific gravity

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22
Q

What is the noncellular portion of coagulated whole blood called after it has been centrifuged?

A

Serum

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23
Q

What media is selective for gram-negative bacteria?

A

MacConkey

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24
Q

Translocation can be defined as?

A

The breakage of 2 chromosomes, resulting in an abnormal arrangement.

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25
Q

An MCV value above the normal reference range suggests?

A

Macrocytosis

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26
Q

A variation in erythrocyte size is known as?

A

Anisocytosis

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27
Q

elevated hematocrit

A

Polycythemia

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28
Q

variation in cell shape

A

Poikilocytosis

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29
Q

increase in amount of RBCs

A

Erythrocytosis

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30
Q

Decreased total protein can suggest all the following except?
Dehydration, Renal disease, Overhydration, GI losses.

A

Dehydration

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31
Q

Pollakiuria is?

A

Urinate frequently, small volume voided

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32
Q

What is the primary function of fibrinogen?

A

Hemostasis

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33
Q

Hemostasis is?

A

clotting

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34
Q

An ammonium biurate crystal is sometimes described as?

A

Looking like a thorny apple

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35
Q

What part of the urinalysis is measured by a refractometer?

A

Protein

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36
Q

Calcium oxalate crystals are?

A

Small squares that contain an X

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37
Q

A common finding on a stained blood smear from an animal with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is?

A

Spherocytosis

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38
Q

What species has Kurloff cells?

A

Guinea Pigs

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39
Q

Females have what sex chromosome designations?

A

XX

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40
Q

The most common uroliths found in feline and canine urine are?

A

Struvite

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41
Q

Signs of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia include all of these except?
Petechiae, Ecchymoses, Thrombocytosis, Anemia

A

Thrombocytosis

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42
Q

pinpoint hemorrhage is?

A

Petechiae

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43
Q

area of bruising

A

Ecchymoses

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44
Q

increase platelets

A

Thrombocytosis

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45
Q

decreased RBC

A

Anemia

46
Q

An example of specific immunity would be?

A

IgM antibodies to toxoplasmosis

47
Q

Which of the following is an example of a selective medium?
MacConkey, Mueller-Hinton, Trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, Trypticase soy agar.

A

MacConkey

48
Q

What term is used to describe the ability of a test to determine true positives?

A

Sensitivity

49
Q

Which immunoglobulin is the first antibody produced in a primary immune response?

A

IgM

50
Q

Immunity that is generated by an animal’s immune system following exposure to a foreign antigen is referred to as?

A

active immunity

51
Q

The test that uses an enzyme that causes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hydrogen and oxygen what a bacterial colony is placed in the hydrogen peroxide is?

A

catalase

52
Q

A positive catalase test will be indicated by the presence of?

A

bubble

53
Q

The microscopic morphology of Streptococcus is described as?

A

coccus is chains

54
Q

Which of the following does not kill endospores?
Autoclaving, Incineration, Hot-air sterilization, Pasteurization

A

Pasteurization

55
Q

What bacterium is pleomorphic?

A

Corynebacterium

56
Q

In the gram stain procedure, the mordant is?

A

Iodine

57
Q

Most bacteria grow best at pH?

A

7

58
Q

On a blood agar plate, an area of complete hemolysis is classified as?

A

Beta

59
Q

The humoral immune system involves?

A

B cells

60
Q

Centrifuging blood that has been collected in a plain (red-top) tube and allowed to clot

A

Serum

61
Q

A test done to help diagnose hyperthyroidism is

A

T4

62
Q

Total protein levels are _______ in a dehydrated animal.

A

increased

63
Q

It is useful to measure electrolyte values when an animal has

A

fluid loss

64
Q

When evaluating the liver of dogs and cats, AST should be evaluated in conjunction with

A

ALT

65
Q

what percentage of the glomeruli in both kidneys must be nonfunctional before serum mistry changes indicate renal disease?

A

70%

66
Q

Kidney disease results in accumulation of metabolic waste in the blood, a condition known as

A

Azotemia

67
Q

The anticoagulant used to preserve blood glucose levels for blood chemistry analysis is

A

sodium fluoride

68
Q

When plasma is required for blood chemistry analysis, the anticoagulant of choice is

A

EDTA

69
Q

measurement of blood levels or amylase and lipase is used to evaluate function of the

A

pancreas

70
Q

Stress and epinephrine release in cats may cause an increase in

A

glucose

71
Q

Which of the following substances is a by-product of muscle metabolism, produced at a constant rate and filtered out by the renal glomeruli?

A

Creatine

72
Q

Nonrenal causes of increased levels of urea might include

A

The amount of protein ingested

73
Q

A box of reagents for blood chemistry analysis labeled for storage at 8 degrees Celsius should be stored

A

in the fridge

74
Q

What gland is the most active producer of corticosteroids?

A

Adrenal glands

75
Q

The main function of bicarbonate is to

A

Maintain balanced body pH levels

76
Q

Icteric plasma is what color?

A

Yellow

77
Q

Bile acids aid in the digestion of

A

fats

78
Q

Amylase acts to break down

A

starches and glycogen

79
Q

What is the noncellular portion of anticoagulated whole blood called after it h centrifuged?

A

Plasma

80
Q

what colour tube does plasma go in?

A

PTT

81
Q

what tube does serum go in?

A

RTT

82
Q

What RBC morphology is commonly found in horses?

A

Rouleaux formation

83
Q

Anisocytosis is defined as

A

variation of size among the same cell

84
Q

Polychromasia in an immature RBC will appear as a _______ on a blood smear stained with new methylene blue stain

A

reticulocytes

85
Q

The phagocytes the respond to an infection are?

A

Neutrophils

86
Q

An MCV value below the normal reference range suggests?

A

Microcytosis

87
Q

Denatured hemoglobin contained in RBCs is?

A

Heinz bodies

88
Q

Small nuclear fragments are?

A

Howell Jolly bodies

89
Q

variation in cell size is?

A

Anistocytosis

90
Q

an elevated hematocrit is most commonly associated with?

A

dehydration

91
Q

the anticoagulant of choice for avian and reptile hematology is?

A

Lithium heparin

92
Q

on a CBC all of the following findings can be expected in a patients with an infection, except?

A

Narrow buddy coat

93
Q

plasma is composed of?

A

90% water and 10% dissolved substances

94
Q

what group of animals would normally expect to find nucleated RBCs?

A

Parrot, turkey, iguana

95
Q

macrocytic anemia suggests?

A

bone marrow pathology

96
Q

phagocytes are a type of?

A

white blood cell

97
Q

what RBC indices indicates cell size?

A

MCV

98
Q

what pair is both agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes

99
Q

the preferred sample for most blood chemistry tests is?

A

serum

100
Q

the leukocytes most commonly associated with parasitic and allergic conditions is the?

A

eosinophil

101
Q

what is the buggy coat found on a refractometer?

A

not seen

102
Q

what anticoagulant is the first choice for coagulation studies?

A

sodium citrate

103
Q

spherocytes may be seen on a blood smear from a dog suffering from?

A

IMHA

104
Q

what blood cell can have vacuoles in its cytoplasm when seen in peripheral blood from a healthy animal?

A

lymphocytes

105
Q

what is least likely to cause vaccine failure?

A

administration during anesthesia

106
Q

serology is the branch of science involved with detection of?

A

antibodies or antigens

107
Q

adaptive of specific immunity includes?

A

the response of the defenses of the body to a specific substance

108
Q

when T cells are processed in the ____ they develop specific antigen receptors on their cell membranes

A

Thymus

109
Q

ELISA is an acronym for?

A

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

110
Q

the humoral immune system involves?

A

B cells

111
Q

the type of immunity that is the function of B cells that transform into plasma cells and produce protective proteins called antibodies agains antigens is

A

humoral

112
Q

T killer cells function to?

A

recognize cancer cells as abnormal cells and eliminate them

VTNE Prep (4 decks)

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