LAB Flashcards
semisolid preparations applied on skin and mucous membranes
OINTMENTS (Unguentum)
Ointment Bases
- Oleaginous Base/ Hydrocarbon Base
- Absorption Base
- Water-removable Base
- Water-soluble Base
It is Greasy, Anhydrous, Emollient, Occlusive effect, Non-water washable
OLEAGINOUS BASES
mixture of semisolid hydrocarbon from petrolatum
Petrolatum USP / Yellow Petrolatum / Petroleum Jelly
Bleached form of Petrolatum USP
White Petrolatum
From honeybees/ honeycomb of Apis mellifera
YELLOW WAX / BEESWAX
Bleached form of wax
WHITE WAX
Yellow petrolatum + yellow wax
Yellow Ointment / Simple Ointment
White petrolatum + white wax
White Ointment
It is Greasy, Anhydrous, Emollient, Occlusive effect, Non-water washable
(can absorb small amount of water > will form w/o)
ABSORPTION BASES
Contains:
- White wax
- White Petrolatum
- Stearyl Alcohol
- Cholesterol
HYDROPHILIC PETROLATUM (AQUAPHOR)
from wool of sheep (Ovis aries)
- 0.25% moisture
ANHYDROUS LANOLIN
has 25% moisture
HYDROUS LANOLIN
- o/w emulsion
- Non-greasy, non-occlusive, water washable
- Can be diluted with large amount of water
WATER-REMOVABLE BASES
No oleaginous component
- lipid-free ; greaseless; non-occlusive; water-washable
- For incorporation of solid substances
WATER-SOLUBLE BASES
MW <600
CLEAR, COLORLESS LIQUID
MW >1000
WAX-LIKE WHITE SOLID
MW 600-1000
SEMISOLID
use of ointment roller mills to mix heat-sensitive ointment bases.
INCORPORATION
use of steam-jacketed kettles to melt anhydrous ointment bases and cooling gradually until congealed
FUSION
More liquid in consistency than ointment therefore more spreadable to the skin
CREAMS
Semisolid dosage form in which the drug is dissolved or dispersed in either o/w or w/o emulsion base or any type of water-removable base
applied to larger areas of skin
CREAMS
Water will evaporate and a thin film of stearic acid will remain
VANISHING CREAM
COMPONENTS:
-Large percentage of H2O
-Humectant (polyhydric alcohol) -Stearic acid
VANISHING CREAM
w/o base
COLD CREAM / PETROLATUM ROSE WATER OINTMENT
Clear, colorless dispersion systems which are rendered jelly-like by the addition of a gelling agent
GELS
Jelly like consistency - Thixotropy
GELS
Semisolid preps applied on the skin containing a larger proportion of solid materials (>25%)
-Stiffer than ointments
PASTE
Topical protectant (treatment & protection of diaper rash)
ZnO paste
antipruritic that contains ZnO
CALAMINE LOTION
are applied to the skin for the long term. They are melted before application, cooled to slightly above body temperature and applied to the affected area with a fine brush.
GLYCEROGELATIN
treatment of varicose ulcers
ZINC GELATIN BOOT
Solid masses inserted into a body cavity in which they melt at body temperature or dissolve into the aqueous secretions of the body orifice.
SUPPOSITORY
- It is given when oral route is not possible: coma, vomiting, infants
SUPPOSITORIES
Suppository base used in Rectal, Urethral
-melts at body temperature
OLEAGINOUS BASES
- from seeds of Theobroma cacao
- most common base for rectal suppositories
-solid @32°C ; melts @ 34-35°C
COCOA BUTTER
more than 1 crystal form
POLYMORPHISM
Mixture of triglycerides. From coconuts
WECOBEE
Mixture of saturated fatty acid; major component: Lauric acid
WITEPSOL
Suppository based used for Vaginal suppository
-Aqueous environment
WATER-SOLUBLE / MISCIBLE
most common base for pessaries
GLYCERINATED GELATIN
alternative base for pessaries
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL
oldest; simplest method of preparation
- disadvantage: variance in appearance
HAND MOLDING
- avoids heat
- problem: air entrapment; weight variation
COMPRESSION MOLDING
- most common method
- base is melted and poured to molds - Lubricant is needed (mineral oil)
POUR / MELT MOLDING
