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Bio 211 > Lab #12 > Flashcards

Lab #12 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Citrate Test

Green ► Blue

A

= positive

= pH change

= uses citrate

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2
Q

Still Green

A

= negative

= no pH change

= does not use citrate

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3
Q

Lactose Fermentation Test

purple ► yellow

A

= positive

= pH change (acidic)

= ferments lactose

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4
Q

Lactose Fermentation Test

still purple

A

= negative

= no pH change

= does not ferment lactose

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5
Q

Hydrogen Sulfide Production

black precipitate

A

= positive

= produces H2S

= has cysteine desulfurase

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6
Q

Hydrogen Sulfide Production

no precipitate

A

= negative

= does not produce H2S

= lacks cysteine desulferase

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7
Q

What is the Principle of the Indole Production Test?

A

To determine the ability of an organism to catabolize (breaking down) the amino acid tryptophan into indole, pyruvic acid, and ammoniaI

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8
Q

Indole Production tests for the…

A

presence of the enzyme tryptophanase

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9
Q

Indole Production Test

Formula

A

tryptophan tryptophanase → indole + pyruvate + NH3

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10
Q

Indole Production Test

Medium

A

Tryptone broth

♦ Contains tryptophan, which is the substrate for the enzyme tryptophanase

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11
Q

Indole Production Test

What is added after inoculation and incubation for 24-48 hours?

A

Kovac’s Reagent

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12
Q

Indole Production Test

True or False?

You will not know if the test is positive or negative until the addition of Kovac’s Reagent

A

True

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13
Q

Indole Production Test

Inoculation and incubation

Red ring in broth

A

= positive

= has Trp-ase

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14
Q

Indole Production Test

Inoculation and incubation

Yellow ring in broth

A

= negative

= does not have Trp-ase

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15
Q

Indole Production Test

Enterobacter aerogenes (-) vs. E. coli (+)

A
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16
Q

Methyl Red Test

Principle

A

Determine the ability of bacteria to produce large quantities of acid from glucose fermentation

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17
Q

Methyl Red Test

True or False

Some bacteria can ferment glucose to produce a large quantity of acids

A

True

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18
Q

Methyl Red Test

Test for the presence of the …

A

multiple enzymes

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19
Q

Methyl Red Test

Medium

A

Methyl red (MR) broth containing glucose

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20
Q

Methyl Red Test

methyl red is a ___ indicator

A

pH indicator

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21
Q

Methyl Red Test

Methyl red is red at pH < __

A

pH < 5

22
Q

Methyl Red Test

Methyl red is yellow at pH > __

A

pH > 6

23
Q

Methyl Red Test

True or False

You will not know if the test is positive or negative until the addition of the indicator

A

True

24
Q

Methyl Red Test

Inoculation and incubation

Red

A

= positive

= pH < 5

= presence of acids

= has necessary enzymes

25
Q

Methyl Red Test

Inoculation and incubation

Yellow

A

= negative

= ph > 6

= no acids produces

= lacks necessary enzymes

26
Q

Klebsiella spp./Enterobacter aerogenes (-) vs. E. coli (+)

A
27
Q

Motility Test

True or False

Bacteria can be motile and non-motile

A

True

28
Q

Motility Test

Some bacteria use ______ for motility

a. tails
b. wheels
c. flagella (singular flagellum)
d. nitrogen

A

c. flagella (singular flagellum)

29
Q

Motility Test

A mobile genus of bacteria is ____

A

Proteus

30
Q

Motility Test

Medium

A

Motility stab

31
Q

Motility Test

Contains a semi-solid _____

A

semi-solid gelatin agar

32
Q

Motility Test

Motile bacteria are __________ from the stab into the agar

a. able to swim away
b. not able to swim away

A

a. able to swim away

33
Q

Motility Test

Non-motile bacteria _____ spread from the stab

a. can
b. cannot

A

b. cannot

34
Q

Motility Test

Also contains _____ ____ to indicate growth: turns reddish-pink anywhere there is growth

A

tetrazolium sal

35
Q

Motility Test

Stab! and incubate

Reddish-pink radiating out from stab

A

= positive

= bacteria are motile via flagella

36
Q

Motility Test

Stab! and incubate

Reddish-pink limited to stab area

A

= negative

= bacteria are non-motile because they lack flagella

37
Q

Nitrate Reduction

Principle

A

Determine the ability of an organism to reduce nitrate to nitrites or free nitrogen gas while undergoing anaerobic respiration

38
Q

Nitrate Reduction

Test for the presence of the enzyme _____

A

nitratase

39
Q

Nitrate Reduction

Three possible cases

A
  1. nitrate ► nitrite
  2. nitrate ► nitrite ► nitrogen gas (denitrification)
  3. no nitrate reduction
40
Q

Nitrate Reduction

Medium

A

Nitrate broth

41
Q

Nitrate Reduction

Reagents

A

Sulfanilic acid (A)

Alpha naphthylamine (B)

Zinc dust (only if necessary)

42
Q

Urease Test

Principle

A

Determine the ability of an organism to break down

urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide

43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q

Urease Test

The presence of ammonia drives the pH ____ (i.e. makes

the pH more alkaline/basic)

a. up
b. down

A

a. up

46
Q

Urease Test

urease

(NH2)2CO + H2O ————> CO2 + 2NH3

urea

A
47
Q

Urease test

Medium

A

Urea slant

48
Q

Urease test

Contains a pH indicator that turns ____ when pH shifts to alkaline and ____ when there is no pH change

A

pink

orange

49
Q

Urease test

Differentiates between ____ ____ and _____ that cause UTIs from the _____ _____ _____

A

Differentiates between Proteus (urease+) and pathogens that cause UTIs from the Enterobacteria family (urease-)

50
Q

Urease test

Inoculate urea slant

Orange ► Pink

A

= positive

= pH alkaline

= has urease

51
Q

Urease test

Inoculate urea slant

Still Orange

A

= negative

= no pH change

= no urease

Bio 211 (5 decks)

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