Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Last Lab Exam!!!! > Lab 11 > Flashcards

Lab 11 Flashcards

1
Q

This system Serves as a major highway for transporting substances from one location to another in the body

A

Cardiovascular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the effectors for altering the flow of blood (3)

A

1) sinoatrial node conducting cells (heart rate)
2) left ventricle contractile cells ( to alter stroke volume)
3) smooth muscle cells of arterioles (adjusting distribution of blood in the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What effector alters heart rate

A

Conducting cells of the sinoatrial node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effector alter stroke volume

A

Contractile cells of the left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effector adjusts the distribution of blood in the body

A

Smooth muscles of the arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This will restrict blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This will increase blood flow

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Force of contraction is called

A

Myocardial contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Norepinephrine has what effect on the arterioles (vasoconstriction or vasodilation)

A

Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What effect does epinephrine have on arterials (vasoconstriction or vasodilation)

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased CO2, decreased O2, increased temperature, and decreased pH are local signals that lead to:

(Vasoconstriction or vasodilation)

A

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Respiration involves what three steps?

A

1) gas exchange at the cells
2) gas exchange at the lungs
3) ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

This step involves oxygen leaving and carbon dioxide entering the blood

A

Gas exchange at the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This step involves oxygen entering and carbon dioxide leaving the blood at the alveoli

A

Gas exchange at the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The process of moving air into and out of the lungs

A

Ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gases whether a mixture or an individual gas will move down what?

A

Pressure gradients ( high to low )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This law states there is an inverse relationship between the pressure of gas and the volume of its container

A

Boyle’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Volume is increased and pressure is decreased what law are we referring to

A

Boyle’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The total pressure of a mixed gas is the sum of all of the partial pressures of the individual gases

(What law states)

A

Dalton’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ventilation provides a clear example of which law?
Boyle’s or Dalton’s

A

Boyle’s law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When air moves out of the lungs where is pressure higher

Atmospheric or alveolar

A

Alveolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the term that means oxygen required

A

Aerobic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the names of the aerobic pathways (2)

A

Electron transport system

Citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do the aerobic pathways take place in the cell

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the names of the two anaerobic pathways

A

Glycolysis

ATP -CP system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where do the anaerobic pathways take place in the cell

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Oxygen is used at the very last step of this energy pathway

A

Electron transport system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

At the end of the electron transport system oxygen combines with _____ two form _____

A

Hydrogen

And forms water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do we get rid of carbon from our body

A

We exhale carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What energy pathway forms the carbon dioxide

A

Citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the primary structure of regulation within the lungs (respiratory effector)

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

The smooth muscles of the bronchioles can Decrease the size of the airway and reduce the amount of air that can flow into and out of the lungs. Aka

A

Bronchonstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

When smooth muscles of the bronchioles relax this causes the opening of airways that would increase the ability of air to flow into and out of the lungs

A

Bronchodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Under what condition would bronchodilation occur

(Fight or flight or rest and digest)

A

Fight or flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Why does bronchodilation occur during fight or flight

A

Allows oxygen to reach tissues of muscles faster

Allows the body to get rid of excess carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Which signal molecule would bind to receptors of the bronchial smooth muscle cells to stimulate bronchodilation

A

Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What type of signal molecule is epinephrine and what is its source

A

Neurohormone

Chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

38
Q

What is the name of the specific receptor for epinephrine at the bronchial smooth muscle

A

Beta 2 adrenergic receptors

39
Q

What condition would bronchoconstriction occur

Fight or flight or rest and digest

A

Rest and digest

40
Q

Why does bronchoconstriction occur during rest and digest

A

Airflow is not in demand

when resting demand for oxygen decreases

41
Q

Which signal molecule would bind to receptors of the bronchial smooth muscle cells to stimulate bronchoconstriction

A

Acetylcholine

42
Q

What type of signal molecule is acetylcholine and what is its source

A

Neurotransmitter

Post ganglionic parasympathetic neuron

43
Q

What is the name of the specific receptor for acetylcholine at the bronchial smooth muscle

A

Muscarinic

44
Q

These control airway diameter

A

Bronchioles smooth muscle

45
Q

Skeletal muscles control _____ by contracting and relaxing rhythmically

A

Ventilation

46
Q

What is the primary muscle of ventilation

A

Diaphragm

47
Q

Air being drawn into the lungs is known as

A

Inspiration

48
Q

Increased volume leads to decreased pressure during what

(Inspiration or expiration)

A

Inspiration

49
Q

Forcing air out is known as

A

Expiration

50
Q

Decreased volume leads to an increase pressure during_____

(Inspiration or expiration)

A

Expiration

51
Q

Which type of cells are the effectors for altering ventilation

A

Skeletal muscle cells

Diaphragm

52
Q

What is the efferent pathway that innervates the diaphragm during ventilation

A

Somatic motor neurons

53
Q

What signal molecule would influence somatic motor neurons during ventilation

A

Acetylcholine

54
Q

What is the name of the specific receptor located on the somatic motor neurons for ventilation

A

Nicotinic receptors

55
Q

During the fight or flight response what would you want skeletal muscle cells that alter ventilation to do

A

Increase the strength and increase the rate of the contraction relaxation cycle

56
Q

The ability to stretch is called

A

Compliance

57
Q

Recoil or return from a stretch is called

A

Elasticity

58
Q

The integrating center for ventilation and blood flow is

A

Medulla oblongata

59
Q

Modulation of respiratory system affecters also requires contribution from a secondary brain stem integration center called

A

Pons

60
Q

What is the full name of the integration center that serves both the cardiovascular and respiratory system

A

Medulla oblongata

61
Q

What additional brain stem integration center is required to modulate respiratory function

A

Pons

62
Q

What are the three effectors (cells and location) for the cardiovascular system

A

1) conducting cells of the sinoatrial node
2) contractile cells of the left ventricle
3) smooth muscle cells of arterioles

63
Q

What are the two effectors (cells and locations) for the respiratory system

A

1) bronchial smooth muscle cells
2) diaphragm muscle (skeletal muscle)

64
Q

What is the central receptor for CO2

A

Chemo receptors in the medulla oblongata

65
Q

What is the peripheral sensor for CO2

A

Chemoreceptors on the carotid or aorta

(Type 1 or glomus cells)

66
Q

Where is the peripheral sensor for oxygen

A

Glomus cells in carotid artery / aorta (chemoreceptor)

67
Q

What is the Central sensor for pH

A

Chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata

68
Q

What is the peripheral sensor for pH

A

Type 1 or glomis cells in the carotid artery / aorta ( chemoreceptor)

69
Q

Does carbon dioxide or oxygen have a higher stimulus reaction

A

Carbon dioxide

70
Q

Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of _____ _____enzyme will be converted to carbonic acid

A

Carbonic anhydrase

71
Q
A

Carbon Dioxide + water

in the presence of

Carbonic anhydrase

form

Carbonic acid

72
Q

CO2 + H20 —-> H2CO3 —–> H+ + HCO3 What is this saying

A

Carbon dioxide and water in the presence of carbonic anhydrase Convert to carbonic acid.

73
Q

Excess accumulation of carbon dioxide leads to a state called

A

Respiratory acidosis

74
Q

Too little carbon dioxide is associated with

A

Respiratory alkalosis

75
Q

What will happen to blood carbon dioxide levels if a person holds their breath (hypoventilates) Increases or decreases

A

Increases

76
Q

What will happen to blood carbon dioxide levels if a person hyperventilates Increase or decrease

A

Decreases

77
Q

This trigger causes the body to accumulate carbon dioxide which will decrease a blood pH that is too alkaline

A

Hypoventilation

78
Q

This trigger can cause the body to remove excess carbon dioxide increasing pH that is too acidic

A

Hyperventilation

79
Q

What two systems work together to balance pH

A

Respiratory and urinary

80
Q

The amount of air brought into the lungs during normal restful breathing is called

A

Tidal volume

81
Q

Breathing beyond normal inspiration

A

Inspiratory reserve volume

82
Q

Breathing out beyond normal expiration (deep breath out)

A

Expiratory reserve volume

83
Q

These are made up of one or more lung volume

A

Lung capacities

84
Q

There is additional room for more air to enter exit the lungs (depend on how deeply a person breathes)

A

Lung volumes

85
Q

Extra air in the lungs that can’t contract is called

A

Residual volume

86
Q

Total volume + inspiratory reserve volume = _____ _____

A

Inspiratory capacity

87
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume = _____ _____

A

Vital capacity

88
Q

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume = _____ _____ _____

A

Total lung capacity

89
Q

Everything below title volume expiratory reserve volume Plus residual volume is called

A

Functional residual capacity

90
Q
A
91
Q
A

These havent been graded sooooo……

92
Q
A

hasnt been graded

Last Lab Exam!!!! (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions