Lab 10 Flashcards
The body of the mink is divided into two main compartments by what structure?
diaphragm (unique to mammals)
How was the diaphragm formed?
invasion of muscle cells into the fused transverse and pleuriperitoneal septa
What are the two main compartments of the body of the mink (cavities)?
thoracic cavity contains the lungs and heart
peritoneal cavity has the rest of viscera
The lungs are contained within what?
pleural cavities
The heart is contained within what?
pericardial sac
What is the space between the lungs called?
mediastinum
What is the glottis?
opening to the trachea
What are the eustachian tubes?
connect the ear with pharynx
What covers the tongue?
papillae (taste buds) which gives it a rough surface
What is falciform ligament?
connects liver to body wall
What is the omental bursa?
fat storage and immune function to limit spread of infection
How is the gall bladder connected to the duodenum?
cystic duct
What is the role of the pyloric sphincter?
controls the rate at which the stomach empties
What is the function of the muscular valves at the junction of the stomach and esophagus, duodenum and stomach?
controls flow of food during digestion
What is the function of the folding of the walls of the esophagus, the rugae of the stomach wall and the papillae of the inner surface of the duodenum?
allows for expansion of the structure, increases surface area
What is mesentery?
membrane that suspends the small intestine and is infiltrated by mesenteric vessels
In mammals, which have the larger spleen? Carnivores or herbivores?
carnivores
How is the spleen attached to the stomach?
gastrosplenic ligament
Why might the spleen be larger for carnivores than herbivores?
larger for immune response
What is the functioning unit of the kidney?
nephron (thousands of them)
What is the filtration unit of the kidney?
glomerulus
What empties into the renal hilus of the kidney?
collecting ducts
Where is the glomerulus located in the kidney?
in the cortex
The tube of the nephron forms a U-shaped structure called _____which passes into and out of medulla.
Loop of Henle
What structure empties the bladder?
urethra
What is the difference between the male and female mink with their excretory systems?
female: ureter passes alongside dorsal aorta to bladder
male: ureter passes dorsal to ach of vas defferens just before it enters the urethra
What are the different parts of the kidney?
medulla (inside) and cortex (exterior)
The ovarian bursa encloses which structures of the female mink?What is its function?
- ovaries and fallopian tubes
- prevents ova from escaping onto coelom
The fallopian tube is homologous to what structure?
oviduct
How is the uterus divided in the mink?
into two uterine horns
Carnivores have what kind of uterus?
bipartite uterus: uterine horns unite cranial to the vagina to make a common opening at the orifice of vagina
What structures are contained in the cremasteric pouch?
testis and associated ducts
Where is the cremasteric pouch suspended?
in the scrotum
What is the point where the spermatic cord passes through the body wall called?
inguinal canal
Why are the testes external?
sperm production increases at cooler temperature and more efficient
Where are sperm stored and then transported?
stored in epipdymis and transported from testis via epipdymis and vas deferens to urethra then through penis
What is the distal end of the penis called?
glans penis
The trachea splits into what structures?
bronchi
How many lobes does the lungs of the mink have?
3 on the right
2 on the left
1 dorsal to heart
The azygous vein on the dorsal surface of the heart receives blood from?
intercostal veins
Which large vein drains the pelvic region, body wall and urogenital system en route to the ventricle?
postcaval vein
The short subclavian vein once through the body wall is called? What does it drain?
axillary vein
pectoral girdle
The aortic arch gives rise to?
brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery
The dorsal aorta gives rise to?
paired intercostal arteries and small diaphragmatic artery
The brachiocephalic trunk gives rise to?
left common carotid artery, right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery
What is the role of the hepatic portal system?
delivers nutrient rich blood to the capillary beds of the liver
Which veins drain the kidney?
renal veins
The postcaval vein collects blood from where before passing into the thoracic cavity?
hepatic portal system
What drains the liver?
hepatic veins which empty into the postcaval vein
In females, the left and right ovarian veins empty into?
left ovarian vein empties into renal veins
right ovarian vein empties into postcaval vein
What does the coeliac artery split into?
- short splenic artery that sends branches to spleen and pancreas
- gastric artery goes to stomach
The caudal mesenteric artery goes to which organ?
colon
Renal arteries branch to the _______ dorsal to the renal veins.
kidneys
Where does the iliolumbar arteries lead to?
follow iliolumbar veins to body wall
The dorsal aorta branches off into which structures in arterial circulation?
external iliac artery (to hind limb as deep femoral artery)
ovarian arteries
What two structures empty into the right atrium?
postcaval and precaval veins
The pulmonary trunk splits off into?
pair of pulmonary arteries
What enters the left atrium?
several pulmonary veins
What is the major difference between the left and right ventricles?
left pumps oxygenated blood into the aortic arch, is more muscular and thicker walled
What kind of specialization for herbivory do rabbits have for their digestive system?
are hindgut fermenters, cecum may have up to ten times the capacity of the stomach
The cecum of many herbivores has a spiral valve. What is the cecum’s and valve’s function?
absorbs fluids and salts after digestion, increases surface area for better absorption
What is the role of the placenta? What allows for this exchange to occur?
- provides the embryo with nutrients and oxygen and removers respiratory/nitrogenous waste
- fetal and maternal blood come close enough together for it to occur
How does blood rich in oxygen and nutrients enter the embryo?
through the umbilical vein into caudal vena cava (postcaval)
How is blood rich in oxygen and nutrients distributed in the embryo?
blood bypasses lungs and passes to left side of heart and distributed by aorta to heart and body
True or false? During fetal life, lungs are not well developed and not filled with air.
True
Some mixing between umbilical blood and low oxygen blood occurs within aorta of embryo. How is this mixed blood distributed to the rest of the body?
umbilical arteries to placenta
True or false? There is mixing of maternal and fetal blood in the placenta.
False. no mixing
The presence of a belly button is associated with which chordate infraclass?
Eutheria
Where is the vermiform appendix located?
at end of intestines
What is a behaviour commonly seen in rabbits regarding their excretory system?
eat their own fecal pellets to extract calories from them
Venous blood from the digestive tract enters the liver via?
hepatic portal vein
Blood exits the liver via?
hepatic vein
Where does the costocervical drain?
into precaval
What is the ureter?
tube that comes out of the kidney
The urinary bladder of mammals have what that turtles don’t have?
has muscle to control where and when to urinate
mark territory
turtles have a thin wall and way less muscular
The postcaval vein drains?
pelvic region and body wall
The postcaval and precaval veins empty into?
right atrium
What is the function of the spleen? Which has a larger spleen, carnivores or herbivores?
for blood storage, red blood cell formation, immune cell production
carnivores have larger for immune response
What is the role of the epiglottis?
keeps food from going into trachea
Which has a larger masseter, the mink or rabbit?
larger in rabbit due to mastication (herbivory)
Which has a larger pectoralis, the mink or rabbit?
small in forelimb of the rabbit since they use mostly their back legs for movement, mink uses front legs a lot for locomotion
What is the role of the sternohyoideus?
retracts the hyoid
What is the role of the longus colli?
flexor of the neck
What is the role of rectus thoracis? Originates?
retracts ribs during expiration, originates on sternum
What is the role of scalenus?
pulls ribs cranially during inspiration
What is the role of cleidomastoideus?
rotates or depresses head
What is the role of subscapularis?
adducts humerus
Which muscle acts with pectoralis to suspend the body with pectoral girdle? What shape is this muscle?
serratus ventralis, fan-shaped
Which cavity holds the lungs?
pleural cavity
What is the peritoneal cavity?
cavity with intestines
What is the role of omental bursa?
storage of fat
How is the uterus of the mink divided?
into two horns
How is the mink circulatory system different than that of the turtle?
only mink has an axillary artery and vein
mink has one aortic arch and the turtle has two
Match.
Aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, postcaval vein, costocervical vein, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
receives blood from renal vein, gives rise to the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery, gives rise to the carotid artery, arises from the aortic arch, drains into precaval vein, arterial vessel arises from left ventricle
Aortic arch-arterial vessel arises from left ventricle
brachiocephalic trunk-gives rise to the carotid artery
postcaval vein-receives blood from renal vein
costocervical vein-drains into precaval vein
left common carotid artery-gives rise to the right common carotid and the right subclavian artery
left subclavian artery-arises from the aortic arch
What do the eustachian tubes connect?
connect the ear to the pharynx
