Lab 1 - Sample collection and laboratory investigation

Question 1

What should be included in the accompanying letter regarding the animal?

Answer 1

ID number/name of the individual animal, age, sex, brief relevant vaccination history

Question 2

In case of direct method, at what point should the sample be taken?

Answer 2

In early phase

Question 3

In case of indirect method, what can be used as samples?

Answer 3

Coagulated blood or serum, milk, liquor, ventricle and organ secretion

Question 4

A calf has signs of mediastinal pneumonia, what kind of sample is suitable for laboratory investigation?

Answer 4

Lung and mediastinal lymphnodes + liver + spleen + kidney

Question 5

With what can we digest cells used to produce primary monolayer cell culture?

Answer 5

Trypsin

Question 6

What is contact inhibition?

Answer 6

Division of the cells is continued until cytoplasmic membranes of neighboring cells come in contact with each other

Question 7

What do we mean by “passage”?

Answer 7

Sub culturing process, producing a secondary cell culture

Question 8

How fast do you have to send the sample to the library?

Answer 8

Within 24 hours, except leukocyte separation from EDTA blood must be starter no later than 6 hours after sample taking

Question 9

When is the absorption method used to clean the cell cultures?

Answer 9

When the cells are toxic, dead

Question 10

What do we add to the organ sample to homogenize it?

Answer 10

Sterile quartz sand

Question 11

At what point should the allantoic cavity be inoculated?

Answer 11

9-12 days

Question 12

Why do we use transillumination before inoculation of eggs?

Answer 12

To check the embryonic development, localization of embryo, veins and air sac

Question 13

At what point should the yolk sac be inoculated?

Answer 13

5-7 days

Question 14

What sample should be taken from a dog that dies from blood diarrhea?

Answer 14

Intestine and mesentherial lymphnodes (lung, liver, spleen, kidney)

Question 15

When should the second sample in the paired sera investigation be taken?

Answer 15

2-4 weeks after onset of clinical signs

Question 16

In which case is laboratory investigation obligatory?

Answer 16

• notifiable diseases
• suspected zoonosis
• eradication programs
• in a need of official certifications of free status, SPS herd
• before exhibitions/animal shows/competitions, transport, export, travel

Question 17

How should the specimens be during sampling?

Answer 17

Appropriate for the intended purpose of the investigation and adequate in quality, volume and number.

Question 18

What information should include with the sample?

Answer 18

• Location and contact information
• Case information
• Epidemiological information

Question 19

Type of submitted sample material?

Answer 19

• Swabs
• Blood (EDTA, heparinized, serum)
• Organs (liver, spleen, lung, kidney, heart, intestine, brain, placenta)

Question 20

Types of investigation methods?

Answer 20

• Direct method: Detection of pathogen itself, usually in early/acute phase of the disease. Use corpse, organs, tissue, secretion, blood anticoagulant treated.
• Indirect method: Detection of the immune response, generally in late/chronic phase or after clinical recovery. Use coagulated blood or serum, milk, liquor, ventricle and organ secretion for antibody detection.

Question 21

Investigation method when herd diagnosis is needed?

Answer 21

Should be representative for the whole herd, so statistical sample collection is needed.

Question 22

Investigation method when individual diagnosis is needed?

Answer 22

For serological investigation paired sera (early and late phase) should be collected.