Lab 1 - Rat

Question 1

Rat teeth gall bladder reproductive system comparison (do)

Answer 1

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Question 2

External anatomy rat - nostrils, hair

Answer 2

Nostrils can be closed underwater. Vibrissae (long hairs) on face are tactile which allow the rat to navigate darkness

Question 3

3 holes in female rat reproductive system

Answer 3

Urethra, vagina, anus

Question 4

What is the prepuce?

Answer 4

The skin fold where the penis of male rats is.

Question 5

What is the sac at the bottom of male rates reproductive system called? What’s in it?

Answer 5

Scrotum contains testes

Question 6

Diaphragm

Answer 6

The muscle stuff under the lungs

Question 7

What is peritoneum?

Answer 7

A very thin membrane lining the abdominal wall and surrounds the peritoneal cavity

Question 8

Parietal peritoneum

Answer 8

The wall - covers skin

Question 9

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 9

Lines the outside of organs - continuous with the parietal peritoneum

Question 10

Mesentery

Answer 10

Double layer of peritoneum continuous with others. Is the little canal shape

Question 11

What are the 2 main cavities and what is in them?

Answer 11

Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Organs.

Question 12

What are the 3 types of cavities and what is in them? What are they made of?

Answer 12

Serous membranes
Two pleural (lungs)
One pericardial (heart)
One peritoneal (gut)
Made from mesothelium squamous epithelium

Question 13

Where is the larynx? What does it look like?

Answer 13

The small space thing above the voice box structure. Below the pharynx kinda

Question 14

What comes off the colon?

Answer 14

Appendix (small little tail)

Question 15

Do more on digestive pic

Answer 15

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Question 16

What membrane lines the left lung?

Answer 16

Left visceral pleura

Question 17

Thymus role

Answer 17

Development of T-lymphocytes and other lymphatic tissues

Question 18

Why is the gut tube long and how long in a rat?

Answer 18

5 x body length. Absorption and secretion

Question 19

How many tubular regions does the gut have and what are they? How many sacs?

Answer 19

3 - Oesophagus, small and large intestine.

2 - stomach and caecum

Question 20

Does the oesophagus lie dorsal or ventral to the trachea?

Answer 20

Dorsal (behind)

Question 21

Where does the oesophagus enter the small intestine

Answer 21

Part way along the lesser curvature

Question 22

Pathway of the oesophagus

Answer 22

Throat through thoracic cavity, dorsal to the heart and lungs, to the diaphragm.

Question 23

Anterior and lateral region of the stomach

Answer 23

1. Anterior and lateral: has a translucent wall for food storage, no glands + stratified squamous.

Question 24

Pyloric region of stomach

Answer 24

2. Pyloric region: medial and posterior, glandular and opaque (not translucent), simple tubular glands release acid and enzymes which digest

Question 25

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 25

At the outlet of the stomach. A collar of smooth muscle which controls the flow of chyme into the duodenum.

Question 26

Regions and main function of small intestine

Answer 26

DJ ilium
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Into caecum

Question 27

What connects the small intestine to the dorsal body wall? Function?

Answer 27

Mesentery
Blood vessels (in fat) go through it to drain intestinal wall. Arteries carrying O2 blood are 2 branches of dorsal aorta. The veins drain and go through the hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver.

Question 28

Pancreas appearance and function

Answer 28

Exocrine: Releases alkaline digestive juices with enzymes into the duodenum.
Endocrine: hormones.

Sits below stomach with the duct towards the duodenum.
Scattered pink lobules suspended by mesentery.

Question 29

Liver features, blood, blood flow

Answer 29

Exocrine and endocrine. 4 lobes. Dark red bc blood rich and CT capsule thin. Jelly. Vulnerable to injury - bleeding. Receives venous blood from gut walk via hepatic vein and O2 blood from aorta via hepatic artery.

Question 30

Liver function rat

Answer 30

Metabolic regulation and bile which aids in digestion and absorption of fats and vitamins. Joins hepatic duct to duodenum

Question 31

Spleen function location

Answer 31

Left side of ab.cavity.

Recycles Proteins and removes read RBC.

Question 32

Caecum

Answer 32

The main functions of the cecum are to absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, mucus. The internal wall of the cecum is composed of a thick mucous membrane, through which water and salts are absorbed.