Lab 1 - Rat Flashcards
Rat teeth gall bladder reproductive system comparison (do)
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External anatomy rat - nostrils, hair
Nostrils can be closed underwater. Vibrissae (long hairs) on face are tactile which allow the rat to navigate darkness
3 holes in female rat reproductive system
Urethra, vagina, anus
What is the prepuce?
The skin fold where the penis of male rats is.
What is the sac at the bottom of male rates reproductive system called? What’s in it?
Scrotum contains testes
Diaphragm
The muscle stuff under the lungs
What is peritoneum?
A very thin membrane lining the abdominal wall and surrounds the peritoneal cavity
Parietal peritoneum
The wall - covers skin
Visceral peritoneum
Lines the outside of organs - continuous with the parietal peritoneum
Mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum continuous with others. Is the little canal shape
What are the 2 main cavities and what is in them?
Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Organs.
What are the 3 types of cavities and what is in them? What are they made of?
Serous membranes Two pleural (lungs) One pericardial (heart) One peritoneal (gut) Made from mesothelium squamous epithelium
Where is the larynx? What does it look like?
The small space thing above the voice box structure. Below the pharynx kinda
What comes off the colon?
Appendix (small little tail)
Do more on digestive pic
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What membrane lines the left lung?
Left visceral pleura
Thymus role
Development of T-lymphocytes and other lymphatic tissues
Why is the gut tube long and how long in a rat?
5 x body length. Absorption and secretion
How many tubular regions does the gut have and what are they? How many sacs?
3 - Oesophagus, small and large intestine.
2 - stomach and caecum
Does the oesophagus lie dorsal or ventral to the trachea?
Dorsal (behind)
Where does the oesophagus enter the small intestine
Part way along the lesser curvature
Pathway of the oesophagus
Throat through thoracic cavity, dorsal to the heart and lungs, to the diaphragm.
Anterior and lateral region of the stomach
- Anterior and lateral: has a translucent wall for food storage, no glands + stratified squamous.
Pyloric region of stomach
- Pyloric region: medial and posterior, glandular and opaque (not translucent), simple tubular glands release acid and enzymes which digest
Pyloric sphincter
At the outlet of the stomach. A collar of smooth muscle which controls the flow of chyme into the duodenum.
Regions and main function of small intestine
DJ ilium
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Into caecum
What connects the small intestine to the dorsal body wall? Function?
Mesentery Blood vessels (in fat) go through it to drain intestinal wall. Arteries carrying O2 blood are 2 branches of dorsal aorta. The veins drain and go through the hepatic portal vein which leads to the liver.
Pancreas appearance and function
Exocrine: Releases alkaline digestive juices with enzymes into the duodenum.
Endocrine: hormones.
Sits below stomach with the duct towards the duodenum.
Scattered pink lobules suspended by mesentery.
Liver features, blood, blood flow
Exocrine and endocrine. 4 lobes. Dark red bc blood rich and CT capsule thin. Jelly. Vulnerable to injury - bleeding. Receives venous blood from gut walk via hepatic vein and O2 blood from aorta via hepatic artery.
Liver function rat
Metabolic regulation and bile which aids in digestion and absorption of fats and vitamins. Joins hepatic duct to duodenum
Spleen function location
Left side of ab.cavity.
Recycles Proteins and removes read RBC.
Caecum
The main functions of the cecum are to absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, mucus. The internal wall of the cecum is composed of a thick mucous membrane, through which water and salts are absorbed.
