Lab 1: Part 1: Anatomical language, Body Planes, and Body Cavities

Question 1

Superior = Cranial = Cephalic

Answer 1

above; towards the head or upper part of a structure

Question 2

Inferior = Caudal

Answer 2

below; away from the head or lower part of a structure

Question 3

Anterior = Ventral

Answer 3

front; nearer to or at the front of the body

Question 4

Posterior = Dorsal

Answer 4

back; nearer to or at the back of the body

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

nearer to the midline

ex: the sternum is medial to the arms

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

farther from the midline

ex: the arms are lateral to the sternum

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

nearer to; nearer to the point of attachment (going up)

ex: he elbow is proximal to the wrist

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

farther from; farther from the point of attachment (going down)
ex: the ankle is distal to the thigh

Question 9

Superficial = External

Answer 9

toward or on the surface of the body

ex: the skin is superficial to the bone

Question 10

Deep = Internal

Answer 10

away from the surface of the body

ex: bone is deep to the skin

Question 11

Ipsilateral

Answer 11

on the same side of the body as another structure

ex: the liver is ipsilateral to the ascending colon

Question 12

Contralateral

Answer 12

on the opposite side of the body from another structure

ex: the liver is contralateral to the descending colon

Question 13

Planes

Answer 13

imaginary flat surfaces that pass through body parts

Question 14

Midsagittal plane = Median sagittal plane

Answer 14

vertical, divides the body into right and left halves

Question 15

Parasagittal plane

Answer 15

offset from the midline (unequal parts)

Question 16

Frontal plane = Coronal plane

Answer 16

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 17

Transverse plane = Cross section = Horizontal plane

Answer 17

divides the body into superior and inferior points

Question 18

Oblique plane

Answer 18

passes though the body on an angle between the transverse plane and either a sagittal or frontal plane

Question 19

Body Cavity

Answer 19

spaces within the body that house, protect and separate internal organs

Question 20

Cranial cavity

Answer 20

encases the brain

Question 21

Vertebral = Spinal Cavity

Answer 21

encloses the spinal cord

• runs within the bony vertebral column
• continuous with the cranial cavity

Question 22

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 22

formed by the ribs, muscles of the chest, the breast bone and chest portion of the spine. 
-houses the HEART and the LUNGS
divided into:
pericardial cavity
2 pleural cavities
mediastinum

Question 23

Pericardial cavity

Answer 23

surrounds the heart

Question 24

2 pleural cavities

Answer 24

surround each lung

Question 25

Mediastinum

Answer 25

cavity between the lungs that contains all thoracic organs except the lungs themselves (heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and several large blood vessels)

Question 26

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 26

extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis

• the two cavities, abdominal and pelvic, are not separated by a membrane or wall
• contains abdominal and pelvic cavity

Question 27

Abdominal cavity

Answer 27

contains most of the large intestine, small intestine, stomach, liver, spleen, and gallbladder

Question 28

Pelvic cavity

Answer 28

contains portions of the large intestine, urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs

Question 29

Retroperitoneal

Answer 29

external to the lining of the abdominal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

• kidneys
• pancreas