Lab 1 (neurons and nervous system) Flashcards
Soma (cell body)
Neurotransmitters are made within this structure and would eventually be secreted in the axon.
Axon hillock
Action potential is generated here.
dendrites
Neurotransmitter receptors are located in the dendrites.
Myelin Sheath
The myelin sheath helps speed up action potential and insulates the axon.
Axon functional characteristic
Conduction
Synaptic terminal
secretion
endoneurium
areolar connective tissue
Precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus cortexes
primary motor, primary sensory
Cerebellum
Directs/controls/coordinates subconscious (don’t think about these movements) repetitive movements of skeletal muscles (like walking, maintaining posture, etc..)
Superior colliculi, inferior collculi
visual reflexes, auditory reflexes
Pons
(Pons)Has nuclei that control breathing and respiration rates.
Medulla oblongata
(Medulla) Controls cardiovascular functions and respirations
Corpus callosum
Commissural fibers
lateral ventricles
cerebrospinal fluid
pineal gland
melatonin
Thalamus
It is the neural pathway for all information going to and from the cerebrum. It directs sensory information to specific parts of the cerebrum and directs motor neural information from the cerebrum to lower parts of the brain.
Pituitary gland
Growth Hormone
Oxytocin
Prolactin
Olfactory nerve
Special sense: smell/olfaction
Cortex: olfactory cortex
Optic nerve
Special sense: sight
Cortex: visual cortex
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Special sense: hearing/equilibrium
Cortex: auditory cortex
Facial nerve
Special sense: Taste
Cortex: Gustatory cortex
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Special sense: taste
Cortex: gustatory cortex
Which 2 cranial nerves (ID them by NAME) innervate muscles of mastication?
trigeminal, hypoglossal
Which 3 cranial nerves (ID them by NAME) innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye? NOTE the general functions of these muscles!
1: Oculomotor nerve
2: trochlear nerve
3: abducens nerve
Functions: They’re all motor nerves that innervate the muscles of the eye (move our eyes)
Which cranial nerve is nicknamed the wandering nerve and why? What division of the nervous system is this nerve a part? And what major functions does this nerve control?
Answer: Vagus nerve (wandering nerve cause of extensive distribution in body)
Division: Peripheral (parasympathetic) nervous system
Functions: Has nerves all over the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Controls 75% of peripheral nervous system functions like lowering heart rate, slowing breathing rate, stimulates urination, and increases digestive enzyme secretion.
