Lab 1 (neurons and nervous system)

Question 1

Soma (cell body)

Answer 1

Neurotransmitters are made within this structure and would eventually be secreted in the axon.

Question 2

Axon hillock

Answer 2

Action potential is generated here.

Question 3

dendrites

Answer 3

Neurotransmitter receptors are located in the dendrites.

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

The myelin sheath helps speed up action potential and insulates the axon.

Question 5

Axon functional characteristic

Answer 5

Conduction

Question 6

Synaptic terminal

Answer 6

secretion

Question 7

endoneurium

Answer 7

areolar connective tissue

Question 8

Precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus cortexes

Answer 8

primary motor, primary sensory

Question 9

Cerebellum

Answer 9

Directs/controls/coordinates subconscious (don’t think about these movements) repetitive movements of skeletal muscles (like walking, maintaining posture, etc..)

Question 10

Superior colliculi, inferior collculi

Answer 10

visual reflexes, auditory reflexes

Question 11

Pons

Answer 11

(Pons)Has nuclei that control breathing and respiration rates.

Question 11

Medulla oblongata

Answer 11

(Medulla) Controls cardiovascular functions and respirations

Question 12

Corpus callosum

Answer 12

Commissural fibers

Question 13

lateral ventricles

Answer 13

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

pineal gland

Answer 14

melatonin

Question 15

Thalamus

Answer 15

It is the neural pathway for all information going to and from the cerebrum. It directs sensory information to specific parts of the cerebrum and directs motor neural information from the cerebrum to lower parts of the brain.

Question 16

Pituitary gland

Answer 16

Growth Hormone
Oxytocin
Prolactin

Question 17

Olfactory nerve

Answer 17

Special sense: smell/olfaction
Cortex: olfactory cortex

Question 18

Optic nerve

Answer 18

Special sense: sight
Cortex: visual cortex

Question 19

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 19

Special sense: hearing/equilibrium
Cortex: auditory cortex

Question 20

Facial nerve

Answer 20

Special sense: Taste
Cortex: Gustatory cortex

Question 21

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 21

Special sense: taste
Cortex: gustatory cortex

Question 22

Which 2 cranial nerves (ID them by NAME) innervate muscles of mastication?

Answer 22

trigeminal, hypoglossal

Question 23

Which 3 cranial nerves (ID them by NAME) innervate extrinsic muscles of the eye? NOTE the general functions of these muscles!

Answer 23

1: Oculomotor nerve
2: trochlear nerve
3: abducens nerve
Functions: They’re all motor nerves that innervate the muscles of the eye (move our eyes)

Question 24

Which cranial nerve is nicknamed the wandering nerve and why? What division of the nervous system is this nerve a part? And what major functions does this nerve control?

Answer 24

Answer: Vagus nerve (wandering nerve cause of extensive distribution in body)
Division: Peripheral (parasympathetic) nervous system
Functions: Has nerves all over the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Controls 75% of peripheral nervous system functions like lowering heart rate, slowing breathing rate, stimulates urination, and increases digestive enzyme secretion.