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A&P I > Lab 1: Histology & Integumentary System (Bolded Terms) > Flashcards

Lab 1: Histology & Integumentary System (Bolded Terms) Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues (a group of similarly structured cells that work together to accomplish a specific function).

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2
Q

4 Major Tissue Categories

A

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

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3
Q

Epithelial tissue does what?

A

lines and covers organs (as well as their internal passageways), create boundaries between different environments, and forms glands

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4
Q

Epithelial tissue is made up of…

A

sheets of cells, with the cells in a given sheet tightly joined together via strong intercellular connections formed by tight junctions and desmosomes

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5
Q

Epithelia functions:

A

filtration, absorption, protection, secretion, excretion, and sensory reception

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6
Q

free or apical surface

A

an epithelium always has one surface where the cells are exposed to either the external environment or to an internal passageway or cavity

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7
Q

basal lamina functions…

A

as a filter at the base of the epithelium and can form a scaffold for wound repair

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8
Q

basal lamina

A

located between the epithelium and its connective tissue layer, is not cellular and is formed by glycoprotein secretions from the epithelial cells plus collagen fibers

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9
Q

simple epithelia

A

has only one layer

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10
Q

simple epithelia functions:

A

diffusion, absorption, filtration, and secretion

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11
Q

To protect epithelia at the free surface, cells called _______ secrete mucus that coats the cells

A

goblet cells

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12
Q

stratified epithelia are composed of

A

more than one layer

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13
Q

stratified epithelia can be found in…

A

areas exposed to abrasion and friction, such as the body surface and upper digestive tract

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14
Q

stratified epithelia functions:

A

protection

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15
Q

Name the different types of epithelia cells

A

squamous-shaped cell, cuboidal-shaped cell, and columnar-shaped cell

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16
Q

squamous-shaped cell

A

its nucleus is flattened, “squished”

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17
Q

cuboidal-shaped cell

A

its nucleus is round

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18
Q

columnar-shaped cell

A

its nucleus is oblong-shaped, but you will find the nuclei of this cell to be round as well

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19
Q

______ epithelia regenerate from basal cells that divide and then move out to replace older cells near the apical border

A

Stratified

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20
Q

Most common stratified epithelium

A

stratified squamous

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21
Q

Supported by connective tissue

A

the cells are attached to and supported by an adhesive basement membrane, which is an amorphous material secreted partly by the epithelial cells (basal lamina) and connective tissue cells (reticular lamina) that lie adjacent to each other w/ the reticular lamina deeper to the basal lamina

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21
Q

Avascularity

A

lining epithelial tissues have no blood supply of their own (avascular), but instead depend on diffusion of nutrients from the underlying connective tissue

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21
Q

Regeneration

A

If well nourished, epithelial cells can easily regenerate themselves

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22
Q

There are several characteristics that distinguish epithelial tissues from other tissue types:

A
  1. Regeneration 2. Polarity 3. Cellularity and specialized contacts 4. Supported by connective tissue 5. Avascularity 6. Innervated
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23
Q

Polarity

A

The membranes always have one free surface (apical surface), and typically that surface is significantly different from the basal surface

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24
Q

Cellularity and specialized contacts

A

cells fit closely together to form membranes (sheets of cells) and are bound together by specialized junctions

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25
Q

Innervated

A

meaning supplied by nerve fibers for regulation

26
Q

epithelial cells or aka

A

basal lamina

27
Q

connective tissue cells or aka

A

reticular lamina

28
Q

basal surface

A

the surface opposite the apical surface, and also describes the deepest cell layer in epithelia with multiple cell layers.

29
Q

avascular definition

A

having few or no blood vessels

30
Q

thin and often permeable, flattened cells found where filtration, or the exchange of substances by rapid diffusion, is a priority

A

simple squamous epithelium

31
Q

Description of simple squamous epithelium:

A

single layer of flattened cells w/ disc-shaped central nuclei and sparse cytoplasm; the simplest of the epithelia

32
Q

Function of simple squamous epithelium:

A

allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration in sites where protection is not important; secretes lubricating substances in serosae (tissue lining of a body cavity or outer lining of an organ)

33
Q

Location of simple squamous epithelium:

A

kidney glomeruli; air sacs of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels; lining of ventral body cavity

34
Q

consists of a single layer of cells as tall as they are wide and a spherical nucleus

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

35
Q

Description of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

single layer of cube-like cells w/ large, spherical central nuclei

36
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelium

A

kidney tubules; ducts and secretory portions of small glands; ovary surface

37
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelium:

A

secretion and absorption

38
Q

Two simple squamous epithelia in the body have special names that reflect their location which are…

A

Endothelium and Mesothelium

39
Q

single layer of tall, closely packed cells lining most of the digestive tract, the uterine tubes and the renal collecting ducts

A

simple columnar epithelium

39
Q

Endothelium

A

provides a slick, friction-reducing lining in hollow organs that transmit body fluids (e.g., lymph, blood)

40
Q

Mesothelium

A

the epithelium found in serous membranes lining the ventral body cavity and covering its organs

41
Q

Description of stratified squamous epithelium:

A

thick membrane composed of several layers; basal cells are cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active; surface cells are squamous; in the keratinized type, the surface cells are active in mitosis and produce the cells of the more superficial layers

41
Q

Description of simple columnar epithelium:

A

Single layer of tall cells with round to oval nuclei; some cells bear cilia; layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands (goblet cells)

42
Q

Function of simple columnar epithelium:

A

Absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes and other substances; ciliated type propels mucus (or reproductive cells) by ciliary action

43
Q

Location of simple columnar epithelium:

A

Nonciliated type lines most of the digestive tract (stomach to anal canal), gallbladder and excretory ducts of some glands; ciliated variety lines small bronchi, uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus

44
Q

forms the superficial region of the skin, called the epidermis

A

stratified squamous epithelium

45
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelium:

A

protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion

46
Q

Location of stratified squamous epithelium:

A

nonkeratinized type forms the moist linings of the esophagus, mouth and vagina; keratinized variety forms the epidermis of the skin, a dry membrane

47
Q

a protein that helps form hair, nails and your skin’s outer layer (epidermis)

A

keratin

47
Q

Function of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

A
48
Q

lines the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and parts of the male reproductive tract

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

48
Q

Location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

A
48
Q

the outermost layer of skin on your body

A

epidermis

48
Q

the process in which the outermost cells of the epidermis in vertebrates are replaced by cells containing keratin

A

keratinized

49
Q

Description of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium:

A
50
Q

Description of transitional epithelium:

A
50
Q
A
50
Q
A

transitional epithelium

51
Q
A
51
Q

Function of transitional epithelium:

A
51
Q

Location of transitional epithelium:

A
52
Q
A
52
Q
A

A&P I (4 decks)

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