lab 1 exam Flashcards
List the order of the classifications from least inclusive to most
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
List the order of classifications for humans from least to most inclusive
Eukarya, animalia, chordata, mammalia, primates, hominidae, homo, sapiens
What are the three domains
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
For a population to experience evolution via natural selection, what three requirements must be met
- heritability
- variability
- reproductive advantage
what’s genetic drift
random changes in the genetic status of a population
what’s the bottleneck effect
reduction in the size of a population as a result of mortality due to bad luck (genetic drift)
what is the founder effect
separation of a few individuals into a new population by a random process (genetic drift)
what are the external features of a sea urchin
epidermis: body covering
endoskeleton -> composed of
dermal ossicles: makes up the skeletal structure, known as the test
calcareous spines: project outwards from the surface
what domain/kingdom/phylum do sea urchins belong to
domain eukarya
kingdom anamalia
phylum echinodermata
what structures are on the sea urchins oral surface
- mouth
- tube feet (podia): function in locomotion and respiration
what structures are on the sea urchins aboral surface
- periproct: surrounds the anus
- madreporite: modified ossicle, water vascular system
- dermal branchiae: thin bladder like structures that extend through the body wall from the coelom. respiratory exchange surfaces
- genital plate: each plate has a gonopore, which is the exit point of the gametes during reproduction
- pedicellariae: pincer-like structures, helps remove parasites
which features are a part of a sea urchins digestive system
- aristotle’s lantern:
- esophagus
- cecum
- intestine
which features are a part of a sea urchins reproductive system
- gonads
which features are a part of a sea urchins water vascular system
- madreporite
- stone canal
- ring canal
- radial canal
- lateral canals
- ampullae and podia (tube feet)
is a plesiomorphic and apomorphic trait ancestal or derived
plesiomorphic: ancestral
apomorphic: derived
shared derived characters are called? shared ancestral characters are called? characters exhibited by a single taxon are called?
- synapomorphies
- symplesiomorphies
- autapomorphy
homologous structures result from?
divergent evolution: similar due to shared ancestry
analogous structures result from?
convergent evolution: similar not due to shared ancestry
what are the three clades in Phylum Chordata
Urochordata, Cephalochordata, Vertebrata
Which taxonomic groups are included in the Vertebrata?
myxini, petromyzontida, chondrichtyes, aquatuc osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, mammalia
draw the anatomical and physiological tree for vertebrata
