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Lab 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Describe: Oscillatoria

A

Long rods of cyanobacteria called filaments. Oscillating organisms gives its name.

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2
Q

Describe: Anabaena

A

Bead-like
Similar to bead bracelets

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3
Q

Describe: Gleocapsa

A

Mucus sheathed cyanobacterial colonies

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4
Q

Describe: Paramecium

A

Pink ciliate protist
Reproduce by binary fission (longwise) and conjugation

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5
Q

Describe: Peranema

A

Green flagellate protist
Lives in stagnant water

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6
Q

Describe: Trypanosoma

A

Pink or purple eel like protist
Causes African sleeping sickness
Excavata supergroup
Flagella

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7
Q

What are heterocysts in cyanobacteria?

A

Dark spots in discussed cyanobacteria that are essential for nitrogen fixation.

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8
Q

Asexual Reproduction of cyanobacteria:

A

Fragmentation or budding

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9
Q

Food vacuoles are (dark/clear)

A

Dark

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10
Q

Contractile vacuoles are (dark/clear)

A

Clear

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11
Q

Describe:
Phylum: Zygomycota

A

Both asexual and sexual repro.
Sporangiums contain asexual spores.
Sporangiums are a ball like structure on top of a stalk called a sporangiophore, connected with roots at the bottom called rhizoids.
Zygotes formed by fusion of hyphae are protected by a coat -> zygospore

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12
Q

Describe:
Phylum: Ascomycota

A

Reproduce sexually with an ascus (finger like sacs with ~8 spores) and ascospores
Yeasts, lichens

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13
Q

Describe:
Yeasts of Phylum Ascomycota

A

Reproduce asexually via budding
Sometimes sexual repro. via ascus
Unicellular fungi

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14
Q

2 requirements for fungal survival

A

Moist habitat
Moderate temperature

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15
Q

Scientific name for common bread mold

A

Rhizopus

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16
Q

Peziza is an example of:

A

Ascomycete

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17
Q

Bread mold, yeasts, cup fungi, earthstars, bracket fungi, puffballs, mushrooms, are examples of which fungal phyla?

A

Basidiomycetes

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18
Q

Describe:
Phyla: Basidiomycota

A

Reproduce sexually via basidia (club like structures on gills)
Tip of basidia = 4 spores

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19
Q

Sexual Reproduction of 3 Fungal phyla

A

Zygomycota form large zygospores.
Ascomycota use ascii to form ascospores, with 8 ascospores in a line.
Basidiomycota use basidia found in the gills to form basidiospores, usually found in groups of four.

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20
Q

Classification of Animals can use 2 categories of organs:

A

Backbone presence
Germ layer number

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21
Q

Which animal is a Perozoan? Why?

A

Sponges
No true tissue due to lack of germ layer

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22
Q

Describe use of ostia in a sponge.

A

Water moves into the sponge through pores called ostia.

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23
Q

Describe use of incurrent canals in sponges.

A

Incurrent canals carry water into the central cavity.

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24
Q

Describe osculum in the sponges.

A

Top of the sponge where water exits.

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25
Sponges are ____ and animals are Metozoan.
Parazoan (due to their lack of germ layers and true tissue).
26
(sponges) Collar cells are alternatively called...
Choanocytes
27
Describe the central cavity.
Lined with choanocytes to digest food. Like the stomach, but for sponges. Water exits through the osculum and enters via incurrent canals and ostia.
28
Choanocytes have what adaptation to grab their food and filter the passing water?
Flagellas
29
Describe radial canals (sponges)
Increase surface area of sponge Inbetween incurrent canals of sponge Lined with choanocytes
30
Purpose of amoebocytes in sponges
Deliver nutrients to cells. Receive food from choanocytes.
31
Purpose of spicules in sponges
Skeletal structure of a sponge. Provides structure
32
Silica spicules are present in-
glass sponges
33
protein spicules are present in-
bath sponges
34
Calcium Carbonate spicules are present in-
Grantia sponges
35
Spicules are produced by what specialized cell?
Sclerocytes
36
Describe Cnidarians
Diploblastic animals radial symmetry 2 forms - polyp and medusa
37
Describe polyps
Mouth at the top of the structure. Tube like. Ex: sea anemones
38
Describe medusa.
Mouth at the bottom of the main structure. Top part is a bell like structure with mouth at the bottom. Tentacles. Ex: jellyfish
39
The cnidarian Hydra has stinging cells lining its tentacles to sting prey called...
Cnidocytes (bumps on the tentacles)
40
Hydras reproduce via
budding
41
Obelia is an example of a special Cnidarian because it...
has both polyp and medusa structures.
42
Describe Obelia morphology
Tentacles sprouting out of bulbs = feeding polyps. Long bulbs with balls inside called medusa buds = reproductive polyps. Both polyp and medusa life stages and structures.
43
Man O' Wars are special Cnidarians because they:
are colonies of specialized organisms.
44
Sponges belong to Phylum
Porifera
45
All triploblastic animals have ____ symmetry.
Bilateral
46
Describe coelomates
Digestive tract is lined with mesoderm tissue. Mesoderm tissue has empty space = coelom. True body cavity due to space being fully surrounded by mesoderm tissue.
47
Describe pseudocoelomates.
Digestive tract is not lined with any mesoderm tissue. No true body cavity can be had. "Almost a coelomate" A body cavity surrounded by mesoderm and digestive tract = not a true body cavity.
48
Describe acoelomates.
Digestive tract is surrounded by mesoderm tissue. Mesoderm is solid throughout.
49
Examples of acoelomates.
Flatworms. Planarians.
50
Examples of pseudocoelomates.
Roundworms, Nematodes.
51
Examples of coelomates.
Earthworms.
52
What is a bladderworm?
Larval version of a tapeworm. Named for its head that inverts and looks like a sac when attaching to host.
53
Common characteristics of Porifera
No true tissue or germ layers. Parazoans.
54
Common characteristics of Cnidarians
Diploblastic. Radial symmetry polyp/medusa
55
Common characteristics of Platyhelminthes
Acoelomates Many are flatworm-esque Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry Incomplete digestive system
56
Auricles, eyespots, pharynx, mouth
Auricles - bumps on sides of flatworm head Eyespots - dark spots Pharynx - tubular structure in middle of flatworm
57
Scolex, proglottids
Scolex - enlarged head for attachment to host Proglottids - repeating flattened body segments that emerge from neck region downward. These segments have both ovaries and testes. Fertilization between segments creates eggs which are then dispersed with waste.
58
Common characteristics of Nematodes
Pseudocoelomates Complete digestive system
59
Examples of Nematodes
Roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms, hookworms, Ascaris, Trichinella
60
Ascaris Dissection
Vagina - Bottom of a v-like structure Uterus - largest part of tube Intestine - runs through hole worm Oviducts - small curling tubes everywhere Mouth closest to vagina Anus opposite to mouth
61
Male vs female Ascaris
Males have hooked tails and are smaller
62
Common characteristics of Mollusca
Muscular foot for locomotion Visceral mass with organs Mantle protecting visceral mass Scraping radula for feeding Triploblastic coelomates
63
Common characteristics of Annelida
Segmented worms with complete digestive tracts Coelomates
64
Common characteristics of Arthropods
Invertebrates Exoskeletons Pairs of jointed appendages Triploblastic
65
Shown classes of Mollusca (5)
Bivalva Gastropoda Cephalopoda Scaphopoda Amphineura
66
Describe Bivalva
Clams, mussels, oysters. Typical sea shell shell.
67
Describe Gastropoda.
Snails, slugs. Typical conch like shell.
68
Describe Cephalopoda.
Squids, calamari, octopus, nautilus. Tentacles and well developed eye.
69
Describe Scaphopoda
Tooth shells. Literally long skinny teeth,
70
Describe Amphineura
Common name chitons. Oval-ish shells with ridges. "Armor plate appearance". Kinda looks like a fossil ig.
71
What is segmentation?
Repetition of body parts
72
What are the benefits of segmentation?
More efficient movement Better blood flow
73
Classes of Arthropods (6)
Merostomata Arachnida Malacostraca Chilopoda Diplopoda Insecta
74
Describe Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
75
Describe Arachnida
Spiders, scorpions. 8 legs, two parts (cephalothorax and abdomen.)
76
Describe Insecta
Insects. 6 legs with 3 parts: head, thorax, abdomen.
77
Describe Malacostraca
Crabs, crawfish, shrimp, rolly pollies.
78
Describe Chilopoda
Centipedes are venomous
79
Describe Diplopoda
Di- 2. Millipedes Millipedes have 2x more legs per segment than centipedes and are not venomous although some are poisonous.
80
Classes of Platyhelminthes
Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria
81
Classes of Nematoda
Phasmidea
82
Classes of Annelida
Oligochaeta Polychaeta Hirudinea
83
Describe Oligochaetes
Earthworms. Segmentation of body with small body hair - setae.
84
Describe Polychaetes
Parchment tube worm, lugworms Distinctive head region with fleshy appendages. Almost looks like small legs.
85
Describe Hirudinea
Leeches. Hirudineates have suckers.
86
Describe Trematoda
Liver flukes that live in blood, lungs and brain.
87
Describe Cestoda
Tapeworms. Note bladderworms are larval tapeworms.
88
Describe Turbellaria
Planarial flatworms.
89
An organism is triploblastic, has an exoskeleton, and has jointed appendages. This organism belongs to phylum:
Arthropoda.
90
If an animal was diploblastic it would likely belong to phylum:
Cnidaria
91
Obelia are (medusa/polyp/both).
Both
92
Which phyla has a complete digestive tract (Platyhelminthes/Nematoda). Note one is the opposite (meaning it has an incomplete one).
Nematodes have complete digestive systems.
93
Crawfish dissection
5 pairs of walking legs, with the 1st pair modified as a pair of pinching claws. 5 pairs of swimmerets under abdomen. Telson is middle flap with uropods surrounding. Gonads Green gonads Ganglia Cardiac 1st, then pyloric stomach following (assuming from head to abdomen)
94
Clam dissection
Know dorsal and ventral side (dorsal is umbo and hinge, ventral is opening) Aductor muscles mantle heart location labial palps digestive glands foot muscle umbo and hinge
95
Arthropodian exoskeletons are primarily made of:
Chitin
96
What is cephalization?
Centralization of nerves and organs into a head region.
97
Gonads are located under ____ in crawfish.
The heart.
98
Roundworms belong to phyla:
Nematode
99
Tapeworms belong to phyla:
Platyhelminth and class: Cestoda
100
Location of stomachs and gastric mill in crawfish.
Near the head. Cardiac stomach is anterior to the pyloric stomach, gastric mill is located in the Cardiac stomach.

Biology (2 decks)

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