Lab 1: Endocrine System Flashcards
ENDOCRINE VS EXOCRINE
Endo= "secrete within" *no ducts* Exo= "secrete out" *has ducts*
Glands
Secrete hormones into inter fluids to diffuse into bloodstream
Neuroendocrine
When nervous and endocrine system works together to maintain homeostasis.
HORMONES
Are released, but actioned in another part of the body (target tissue)
Very potent
Maintain homeostasis, reg. cell activity and growth, body functions, metabolism.
Pineal Gland
Secretes melatonin
Target: brain
function: biological clock, sleepiness, antioxidant
Disorder: SAD and jet lag
Pituitary Gland
Regulated by hypothalamus and connected by the infundibulum.
2 Parts: Anterior and Posterior glands
Posterior Pituitary Gland
Connected to hypothalamus by nerves.
Does NOT synthesize hormones, only stores and secretes what hypothalamus produces.
Stores antioxidant and oxytocin
Release of hormones are triggered by nerve signals/firings
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Produced by hypothal. and stored in posterior gland.
Prevents formation of urine.
Target tissue: kidneys, sweat glands, arterioles
Disorder: Hyppsecretion
Oxytocin (OT)
Produced and secreted by hypothalamus, stored in the posterior gland.
Target tissue: Women-uterus, mammary gland, brain
Men: Smooth muscle, duct decefrens, prostate gland
Function: Women: contractions, milk ejection
Men: Aid sperm release
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Connected to hypothalamus through blood vessels and capillaries.
Secretes hormones from hypothalamus.
Growth Hormone (GH)
Regulated by GHRH, GHIH Target: bones, muscle, cartilage, liver Function: Promotes cell growth, protein synthesis, tissue repair, control blood sugar Disorders: HypoRelease= Dwarfism Hyperrelease= Giantism, Acromegaly
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Reg by: TRH (to increase levels) and GHIH (to inhibit)
Target: thyroid
Function: Stimulate synthesis and secrete thyroid hormones
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Reg by: CRH, trauma, low blood sugar (increase levels) and negative feedback (inhibits)
Target: adrenal cortex
Functions: Stimulate and secrete adrenal cortex hormones (cortisol)
Melanocyte (MSH)
Reg. by: dopamine inhibits release
Target: brain, skin
Function: Unknown, to do with melatonin in skin
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Reg by: GnRH (Gonadotropin Releasing H)
Target: Ovaries, testes
Function: women: ovulation, estrogen, progesterone
Men: Stim Secretion testosterones
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) *TROPIC
Reg by: GnRH (increase levels) Negative feedback (inhibits) Target: Ovaries, testes Function: Develop oocytes, secrete estrogen (women) Stimulate sperm secretion (MALE)
Prolactin *tropic (PRL)
Reg by: PRH (prolactin releasing hormone) (increase) and PIH (Prolactin inhibiting hormone)
Target: Mammary gland
Thyroid Gland
Butterfly shape: 2 wings/masses and body (isthmus)
Function: Secrete T3 And T4 and CT (calcitonin)
Disorder: Hypothyroidism, goiters (swelling of gland)
Hyperthyroidism, Grave’s disease, eye protrusion
CT Calcitonin
Regulated by: red blood cells
Target: bone and kidneys
antagonist to parathyroid
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Reg: Red blood cell
Target: kidney and bone
Disorder: Hyperparathyroidism: brittle bone, likeliness of kidney stones
Thymosin
Target: T lymphocytes
Function: immune response, T lymphocytes maturing
Adrenal Cortex and Medulla
Cortex: outside layer, secrete steroid and sex hormones (aldosterone: decrease blood vol and pressure, target is kidneys)
Medulla: Inside layer, secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline) target: heart, skeletal muscles)
LAB 1: Effect Blood Glucose System (fish experiment)
Blood Sugar increases= insulin cause body cells to take in sugar of blood= blood sugar decreases.
Normoglycemia: Normal level Blood Glycose
Hyperglycemia: High level Blood Glycose
Hypoglycemia: Low level blood glucose
LAB 2: Thyroid Hormones and Temperature Regulation (mouse experiment)
Thyroid hormone: heat generates metabolism reaction (shivering)
Hypothyroidism: low body temp
PTU: blocks producing thyroid hormone
