Lab 1- Bone, Types, Long Bone, Bones of the Cranium

Question 1

Describe Long bones

Answer 1

• Bones, which are longer than they are wide
  -main supporting bones of the body
  -Long cylindrical shaft (diaphysis), two ends (epiphysis), and marrow cavity
  e.g humerus, femur, radius, tibia

Question 2

Describe Short bones

Answer 2

-Bones are as long as they are wide
-Small, cube shape bones
-Two thin layers of compact bone with spongy bones in between the layer
e.g Tarsals 腳掌骨/跗骨, carpals 腕骨

Question 3

Describe Flat Bone

Answer 3

-Bones which are board surface area and are thin and flat
-two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between
-protect function
e.g Scapula, Pelvis, ribs, many bones of skull such as frontal bones (pneumatic充氣)

Question 4

Describe Sesamoid bone

Answer 4

-Bones, which are sesame seed shape
-Small, short bones usually attached to tendons
-reduce friction along a joing-patella
e.g Patella膝蓋骨, fabellae 豆骨

Question 5

Describe irregular bones

Answer 5

• Bones, which dont fit into Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid bones
  -unpaired bones with complicated shapes
• miscellaneous
  e.g verterbral, skull bones

Question 6

Describe Epiphysis

Answer 6

-Ends of long bones
-Proximal/ Distal

Question 7

Describe Diaphysis

Answer 7

-Main shaft of long bone

Question 8

Periosteum

Answer 8

-Thin but tough fibrous connective tissue layer
-cover the outside surface except where articular cartilage is found
-rich in blood, nerves and lymphatic vessels

Question 9

Medullary cavity

Answer 9

-Marrow cavity
-inner center of long bone
-contains blood forming tissue - Red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow

Question 10

Endosteum

Answer 10

-Similar structure of Periosteum
-lines the medullary cavity

Question 11

Cortical bone

Answer 11

-Compact/dense bone
-outer rigid layer of all bones
-hard, dense
-very few holes, very solid
-have haversian system composed of central haversian canal, canaliculi, lamallae, lacunae

Question 12

Cancellous bone

Answer 12

-Spongy bone
-no haversian system
-has spongy or moth eaten appearance
-located near extremities of long bones

Question 13

articular cartilage

Answer 13

-located end of bone that are join surfaces

Question 14

Epiphyseal line

Answer 14

-Growth line
-responsible for lengthening growth of bone
-located between epiphysis and diaphysis
-seen as wavy blue line
-composed of epiphyseal cartilage
-identical to articular cartilage