Lab 1: Blood Physiology

Question 1

hematocrit (Hct) % formula

Answer 1

= (height of red cells (mm)/height of red cells and plasma (mm)) x 100

Question 2

Hb standard for 6.4 g

Answer 2

82%

Question 3

Hb standard for 11.2 g

Answer 3

69%

Question 4

Hb standard for 19.9 g

Answer 4

45%

Question 5

Blood Hematocrit (Hct) experiment

Answer 5

for both males and females it is slightly higher than the “normal” hematocrit %

Question 6

Hct % for males

Answer 6

average: 46%, range: 43-49%

Question 7

Hct % for females

Answer 7

average: 41%, range: 36-45%

Question 8

how many mL of O2 does 1 g of Hb can carry?

Answer 8

1.34 mL

Question 9

each 100 mL of blood has 15 g of Hb, which can carry how many mL of O2?

Answer 9

20 mL

Question 10

anemia

Answer 10

results from an abnormal decrease in the # of erythrocytes, tissues become oxygen starved

Question 11

hematocrit

Answer 11

percent volume of whole blood that is occupied by red blood cells

Question 12

severe anemia hematocrit %

Answer 12

15%

Question 13

polycythemia hematocrit %

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

up to 34% of the RBC by weight is

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

concentrations of hemoglobin male

Answer 15

average: 15.4g/100mL blood
range: 13.6-17.2

Question 16

concentrations of hemoglobin female

Answer 16

average: 13.3g/100mL blood
range: 11.5-15.0

Question 17

anemic

Answer 17

less than 10g/100mL of blood

Question 18

cyanmethemoglobin test

Answer 18

involves the reaction of hemoglobin with a reagent solution containing potassium cyanide (KCN) to form cyanmethemoglobin

Question 19

concentration of cyanmethemoglobin

Answer 19

determined by comparing the amount of light it can absorb compared to the amount of light absorbed by known concentrations of hemoglobin

Question 20

each g of hemoglobin carries how many mL of blood in rats?

Answer 20

70 mL per kg

Question 21

total blood Hb (g) formula

Answer 21

= (blood volume mL blood) x (hemoglobin concentration g Hb/mL blood)
hemoglobin concentration g Hb/mL blood pe

Question 22

total O2 carrying capacity formula

Answer 22

= (total g Hb) x (1.34 mL O2/Hb)

Question 23

hemoglobin concentration g Hb/mL blood per ONE ml of blood

Answer 23

for example, covert 25 Hb /100 mL to 0.25 Hb/1mL

Question 24

blood volume in males

Answer 24

79 mL blood per kg

Question 25

blood volume in females

Answer 25

65 mL blood per kg

Question 26

average total leukocyte count

Answer 26

7,500/mm^2

Question 27

neutrophilic leukopenia

Answer 27

protozoan infections, malnutrition, aplastic anemia

Question 28

neutrophilic leukocytosis

Answer 28

strenuous exercise, rheumatic fever, severe burns

Question 29

lymphocytosis

Answer 29

mumps, German measles, whooping cough

Question 30

eosinophilia

Answer 30

scarlet fever, parasitic infections, allergic reaction

Question 31

monocytosis

Answer 31

chronic diseases, such as tuberculosis and leukemia

Question 32

lymphocytopenia

Answer 32

administration of glucocorticoid drugs

Question 33

two classes of leukocytes (WBC)

Answer 33

1. granulocytes (Polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
2. agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)

Question 34

granulocytes

Answer 34

1. neutrophils
2. eosinophils
3. basophils

Question 35

agranulocytes

Answer 35

1. small lymphocytes
2. large lymphocytes
3. monocytes

Question 36

neutrophils

Answer 36

small pink cytoplasmic granules
purple nucleus
multi-lobed (3 or more) nucleus

Question 37

eosinophils

Answer 37

coarse red-orange cytoplasmic granules
blue-purple nucleus
bilobed nucleus

Question 38

basophils

Answer 38

black nucleus
large, deep-blue or reddish-purple cytoplasmic granules
bilobed nucleus

Question 39

small lymphocytes

Answer 39

light blue cytoplasm (nongranular)
dark purple nucleus
very large, spherical nucleus surrounded by a thin cytoplasm

Question 40

large lymphocytes

Answer 40

light blue cytoplasm (nongranular)
dark purple nucleus
large oval, intended nucleus

Question 41

monocytes

Answer 41

light blue-gray cytoplasm (nongranular)
blue or purple nucleus
large, deeply indented nucleus (horseshoe-shaped)

Question 42

how many leukocytes do you need to count to perform leukocyte count procedure?

Answer 42

100 leukocytes

Question 43

blood hematocrit experiment

Answer 43

-use rat blood
-use watch glass
-use heparinized tube
-use micro-hematocrit centrifuge
-apply Hct % formula

Question 44

Hemoglobin determination experiment: % transmittance (results)

Answer 44

31.6%

Question 45

Hemoglobin determination experiment

Answer 45

-place a cyanmethemoglobin reagent in a cuvette
-add blood
-cover the cuvette with parafilm
-obtain % transmittance
-Spec 20 is used

Question 46

identification of WBCs and the differential leukocyte count experiment

Answer 46

-obtain a blood smear slide
-use a microscope
-count leukocytes
-follow a pattern as you are counting them (left to right, up and down)

Question 47

red blood cells males

Answer 47

5.4+-0.8 million per mm^3

Question 48

red blood cells females

Answer 48

4.8+-0.8 million per mm^3

Question 49

white blood cells males

Answer 49

7-9000 per mm^3

Question 50

white blood cells females

Answer 50

5-7000 per mm^3

Question 51

platelets

Answer 51

150,000 to 400,000 per mm^3
average: 300,000 per mm^3