LAB 1 - Acid/Base Balance Flashcards
pH scale type
negative log scale:
-negative = as H+ goes up, pH goes down
-log = log of 10 –> 6 is 10x more than 5
Buffers
-try to maintain equilibrium through acid and base balance
-buffers prevent rapid/drastic pH change so DO work on strong acids or bases into weaker ones
-if H+ concentrations increase, the buffer will consume H
-if H decreases, the buffer will produce H
Protein Buffer System
-most effective because proteins are chains of amino acids that have carboxyl COOH and amino groups NH2
-carboxyl can act as an acid and release H+
-amino can act as a base and combine with H
Buffer Systems in Body
-protein buffer system
-bicarbonate-carbonic acid system
-phosphate buffers
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid System
-bicarb HCO3 can act as a weak base and bind excess H+
-carbonic acid H2CO3 can act as a weak acid and dissociate to release H+ ions
Practice Bicarb equation on Ipad
Phosphate Buffer System
-phosphates are major anions in intracellular fluid and minor anions in extracellular
-monohydrogen phosphate HPO4 acts as weak base and combines with H to make H2PO4
-dihydrogen phosphate acts as weak acid to make HPO4 and water
draw phosphate buffer system
What happens when strong acid is added to phospahte buffer
HPO4 + HCl <=> H2PO4 + Cl
what happens when strong base is added to phosphate buffer
H2PO4 + OH <=> HPO4 + H2O
is Phosphate buffer or saline more effective at resisting pH changes when SA/SB is added
-phosphate buffer is more effective
-becasue no change in pH when NaOH was added to phosphate
-large pH change when NaOH and HCl added to saline
what happened when a weak acid was added to phosphate buffer
HPO4 + CH3COOH <=> CH3COO + H2PO4
-phosphate more resistant to pH change
is phosphate buffer or saline more effective at resisting changes in ph from a weak acid being added
-protein buffer is more effective at resisting pH change
-have carboxyl groups which caan realease H
-have amino groups to act as base and decrease H concentration
Would a protein buffer of equal molarity to the phosphate buffer be as equally,
more or less effective in resisting change?
a protein buffer would still be more effective as they contain amino and carboxyl groups
What two major functional groups that are commonly found in proteins can act as
buffers and do they act as acids or bases?
-amino groups NH2 act as bases to combine with H+
-carboxyls -COOH act as acid and release H
