Lab 1 Flashcards
cells
functional and structural unit of all living organisms
types:prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
what are the four main differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
- size: eukaryotes are much more larger and more complex
- nucleus: prokaryotic cells do not have nucleus while eukayotic cells do
- structure of DNA: eukaryotic DNA is linear while prokaryotic DNA is circular
eukaryotic DNA is organized into chromosomes and is complex with histones. prokaryotes do not have histones and the DNA in prokaryotes does not form chromosomes
- Organelles: the cytoplasm of prokaryotes does not contain any double membrane bound organelles
plasma membrane
outer membrane that control cellular traffic
contains proteins surround by a phospholipid bi-layer that is selectively permeable`
nucleus
information processing and administrative center of the cell
stores cell’s hereditary materials
coordinates cell’s activities
chromatin
chromatin is made up of DNA and protein
package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to prevent DNA damage, to control gene expression and DNA replication
chromatin has two forms: euchromatin and heterochromatin
Euchromatin Vs heterochromatin
EUCHROMATIN:
-when stained and observed under an optical microscope euchromatins are the light colored bands
- euchromatins are loosely coiled regions
- euchromatin is early replicative
- euchromatin is found in eukaryotes, cells with nuclei, and prokaryotes, cells without nuclei
HETEROCHROMATIN
-heterochomatins are the dark colored bands
- heterochromatins are compactly coiled regions
- Heterochromatin contains more DNA
- Heterochromatin is late replicative
- heterochromatin is only found in eukaryotes
Mitochondria
- power generators of the cell in the form of ATP through aerobic respiration
- number of mitochondria can vary depending on the function of cell
- has its own circular DNA which is primarily maternally inherited
- similar to chloroplasts in plant cells
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- network of flattened sacs and branching tubules
- manufactures, processing and transports many biochemical components
- rough ER-surface of rough ER is covered with ribosomes. It produces and processes proteins that are secreted from the cell.
- smooth ER- produces lipids (fats), building blocks for carbohydrates metabolism, and involves in detoxification of drugs and poisons
golgi complex
distribution and shipping department of the cell, modifies proteins and lipids and prepares them for export outside the cell or other locations of cell
lysosome
- serves as digestive compartments for expired cellular components
- breakdown cellular waste, fats, carbs, protiens and other macromolecules which are then transferred back into the cytoplasm as new building materials
- utilizes - 40 different enzymes
Microtubules
transportation function as well, straight hollow cylinders originating from centrosome of cell
microfilaments
rods, originating from plasma membrane
lipid droplet
lipid storage organelle
glycogen particle
represent the main storage form of glucose in the body
contains glycogen and other proteins needed in glycogen metabolism
coated pit and coated vesicle
- coated pits are regions of the donor membrane where the assembly of the vesicle coat take place
- during the first steps of the vesicle- mediated transported, coated pits are internalized to form coated vesicles which transport protiens between distinct membrane bound organelles
