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Anatomy > Lab 1 > Flashcards

Lab 1 Flashcards

1
Q
A

Cranial cavity – within the skull

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2
Q
A

Spinal (vertebral) cavity – within the vertebral column

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3
Q
A

Thoracic cavity

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4
Q
A

Abdominal cavity

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5
Q
A

Pelvic Cavity

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6
Q
A

Flexion/ extension

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7
Q
A

Abduction/adduction

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8
Q
A

Circumduction

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9
Q
A

Lateral/medial rotation

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10
Q
A

Supination/pronation

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11
Q
A

Elevation/depression

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12
Q
A

Inversion/eversion

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13
Q
A

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

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14
Q
A

Protraction/retraction

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15
Q
A

Opposition/reposition

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16
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

Long Bone

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17
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

Short bone

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18
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

Flat bone

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19
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

irregular bone

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20
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

Sutural Bone

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21
Q

What type of bone is this?

A

Sesamoid bone

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22
Q

functional classification: Synarthroses

A

immovable joints

e.g. sutures of the skull

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23
Q

functional classification:Amphiarthroses

A

slightly movable joints e.g. pubic symphysis, tibiofibular (distal ends of tibia and fibula)

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24
Q

functional classification: Diarthroses

A

freely movable joints

e.g. hip, humeral-ulnar (elbow)

25
Q

structural classification:Fibrous

A

ous there is no joint cavity and the bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue e.g. sutures of the skull, syndesmosis, gomphosis (teeth).

26
Q

structural classification: Cartilaginous

A

there is no joint cavity and the bones are held together by cartilage (hyaline or fibrocartilage) e.g. pubic symphysis, sternocostal

27
Q

structural classification: Synovial

A

there is a joint cavity and the bones forming the joint are united by a surrounding articular capsule and often by accessory ligaments e.g. hip, humeral-ulnar

28
Q
A

Articular cartilage

29
Q

synovial membrane

30
Q

Synovial fluid

31
Q

accessory ligaments:Extracapsular (extrinsic) ligaments

A

lie outside the articular capsule. (e.g. lateral collateral and medial collateral ligaments of the knee)

32
Q

accessory ligaments: Intracapsular (intrinsic) ligaments

A

occur within the articular capsule. (e.g. the cruciate ligaments of the knee)

33
Q

accessory structures:bursae

A

Fluid filled sacs, called bursae (bursa singular), are strategically located in the connective tissue around some joints. These structures are filled with synovial fluid and lined by a 11 synovial membrane. Bursae are in places where skin runs over the bone to reduce friction. Bursae are also found between tendons and bones, muscles and bones and ligaments and bones to cushion the movement (i.e. shock absorber) of one part of the body over the other.

34
Q

accessory structures: fat pads

A

In some joints, fat pads fill the spaces created by a joint movement and provide cushioning between joint structures.

35
Q

accessory structures:articular discs

A

Fibrocartilage pads known as articular discs (e.g. menisci of knee joint) function to improve the fit between articulating bones and channel the flow of synovial fluid in some joints

36
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

Nonaxial – surfaces slide; no rotation

(i) plane or gliding joints flat or slightly curved bone surfaces allow only side-to-side and back-and-forth movements to occur between the bones involved examples: intercarpal and intertarsal sternoclavicular (the clavicle glides on the sternum) acromioclavicular (the clavicle glides on the scapula)

37
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

38
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

2. Uniaxial – the bones involved rotate about one axis

(ii) hinge joint the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone. The movements are flexion and extension examples: tibiofemoral (knee) humeral-ulnar (elbow)

39
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

Uniaxial – the bones involved rotate about one axis

Pivot joint a rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates within a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament. The primary movement is rotation example: radio-ulnar

40
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A
  1. Biaxial – the bones involved rotate about two axes

(iv) condyloid or ellipsoidal joint an oval shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone. The movements are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction examples: radiocarpal or metacarpophalangeal (between metacarpals and proximal phalanges)

41
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A

3. Biaxial – the bones involved rotate about two axes

(v) saddle joint The articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like a rider sitting in a saddle. It is a modified condyloid joint in which the movement is somewhat freer only example: carpometacarpal of the thumb (between trapezium and 1st metacarpal)

42
Q

TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS

A
  1. Multiaxial or triaxial – the bones involved rotate about three axes

(vi) ball-and-socket joint consists of a ball-like surface of one bone fitted into a cup-like depression of another bone. There are three types of movement are permitted: flexionextension; abduction-adduction and rotation only examples: glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and the hip joint

43
Q

What type of muscle is this?

A

Skeletal muscle

44
Q

What type of muscle is this?

A

SmooTh Muscle

45
Q

What type of muscle of this?

A

Cardiac Muscle

46
Q
  1. Connective Tissue Components
47
Q

skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A
  1. Parallel
  2. Fusiform
    1. Fascicles are spindle shaped with round gaster and tapered ends

Example: biceps brachii

48
Q

skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A

Parallel

  1. Flat
    1. Fascicles that run the long axis of the muscle with broad attachments at both ends

Example frontalis

49
Q

skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A

Parallel

  1. Triangular
    1. Fibers converging onto one site
    2. Gives muscle a triangular appearance

Example: trapezius

50
Q

skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A
  1. Parallel
  2. Circular
    1. Fascicles in concentric circular arrangements form sphincter muscles that enclose an orifice (opening)

Example: orbicularis oculi

51
Q

Identify this skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A
  1. Pennate
  • Short fascicles in relation to total muscle length, have a feathered appearance
  • Tendon extends nearly entire length of muscle
  • Unipennate
  • Fascicles are arranged on one side of a tendon (i.e. a lateral tendon) that runs the length of the muscle
  • Example: tibialis posterior
52
Q

Identify this skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A
  1. Bipennate
  • Fascicles are arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendon
  • Example: rectus femoris
53
Q

Identify this skeletal muscle fascicle organization

A
  1. Multipennate
  • Fascicles are arranged on both sides of many central tendons
  • Example: deltoid

Anatomy (6 decks)

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