LAA Flashcards
DOCTORS- GP
- primary point of contact when someone is ill
- carry out simple surgical procedures and preventative care and health education for service users
- based in health centres and work as part of a multidisciplinary team
- can refer a service user to a specialist at a hospital or to other care professionals for assessment or treatment etc
RESPONSIBILITIES OF DOCTOR (GP)
- diagnose illnesses and ailments
- discuss and agree treatment plans
- prescribe medications and treatments
- monitor the impact of treatments
- deliver vaccination programmes/programmes on smoking etc
HOSPITAL DOCTORS (consultants)
Senior, hospital based doctors who specialise in a certain field of medicine and manage complex cases • cardiologists - heart disease • psychiatrists - mental health • oncologists - cancer • paediatrician - children • geriatricians - older people
NURSES
- largest group of NHS workers
- adult nurses, mental health nurses, children nurses, learning disability nurses, district nurses, neonatal nurses, health visitors nurses, practice nurses, school nurses
MIDWIVES
- support women through all stages of pregnancy
- provide antenatal (before) and postnatal (after) care
- help families to prepare/deliver babies
HEALTH CARE ASSISTANTS
• sometimes known as nursing assistants or auxiliary nurses
• works with nurses in all types of settings
• duties include
- taking/recording temps and pulses
- weighing and recording patients weights
- taking patients to the toilet
- making beds
- washing/ dressing patients
- serving meals, helping patients to eat
SOCIAL WORKERS
- provide care for all ages
- aim to safeguard everyone and help them to live independent lives
- adult services - disabilities, mental health, learning difficulties
- child services - protect children from abuse and harm
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS
- work with people of all ages who have difficulty in carrying out the practical routines of daily life
- help people to live independent lives
YOUTH WORKERS
- work with people between the ages of 11-15
- help people to reach their full potential and become a responsible member of society
- run health campaigns, organise activities and projects, run sports teams, manage youth community projects, work with parents to support the development of children
CARE ASSISTANTS
- provide practical help and support for people who struggle with everyday activities
- help with personal daily care, general household tasks, paying bills, and writing letters and liaising with other health care professionals
CARE MANAGERS
• they manage the provision of residential care for;
- adults/young adults with learning difficulties
- older people in residential/nursing homes
- people in supported housing
- people receiving hospice care
• responsible for a care setting running and functioning
SUPPORT WORKERS
- linked closely to a healthcare or nursing assistant role
* work alongside lots of different professionals
EXAMPLES OF POLICIES
- health and safety
- equality and diversity
- medication
- safeguarding
- disclosure and barring service (DBS) referral
- complaints
- death of a resident
PRESCRIBING MEDICATION
- a doctors role (traditionally)
- some nurses can prescribe medication (if they have extra training)
- some other professionals like a dentist can also prescribe medication
SURGERY
• health care workers in the community play a major role in helping patients recover e.g visits, assessments, changing dressings
RADIOTHERAPY
- high energy radiation (radiotherapists)
* patients may needs follow up support from a GP to promote healing
ORGAN TRANSPLANT
- patients may need support from a counsellor
* patients need to be prepared mentally and physically
SUPPORT FOR LIFESTYLE CHANGES
- counselling
- self-help groups
- GPs
- local nurses
SPECIALIST AGENCIES
- age uk
- mind
- youngmind
- the royal national institute of blind people (RMB)
- Alzheimer’s society
EQUIPMENT TO INCREASE MOBILITY
- walking sticks
- walking frames
- wheelchairs
- adapted shopping trolleys
- stairlifts
- adapted cars
APPLIANCES TO SUPPORT DAILY LIVING
- special cutlery with thick and light handles for arthritis
- feeding cups or angles straws for drinks
- egg cups and plates with suctioned bottoms
- dining/arm chairs to meet needs
- bath aids, walk in shower etc
- adapted compute keyboards/screens
TECHNOLOGY TO HELP SUPPORT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
- adapted computes -blind of visually impaired
- signers and other assistants -deaf
- wheelchair access
- additional time in exams -dyslexia
- enlarged text -poor vision
DOMICILIARY CARE
• care provided in the service users own home
EQUIPMENT TO IMPROVE HYGIENE
- walk in baths
- showers for wheelchair users
- non-slip bath mats
- bath/shower seats
- hand rails
- bath lifts and hoists
- adapted taps
- bedpans/commodes
- female/male urinals
HYGIENE AND CULTURE
- Muslims/Hindus - prefer running water (showers), prefer to use a bidet rather than toilet paper
- Sikhs/Rastafarians - do not like to cut hair
- Muslims/Hindus - same sex carers
DIETARY REQUIREMENTS
- vegetarians - no fish or meat
- vegans - no meat or animal related products
- Muslims/ Jews - no pork
- Muslims - halal
- Jews - kasher
- Hindus/ Sikhs - no beef
- coeliac disease - no gluten
ASSESSING CARE AND PROVIDING SUPPORT
- assess the clients needs
- plan and agree care
- implement the plan
- monitor effectiveness
- review and evaluate
- amend the plan if necessary
HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE WORKERS HAVE TO….
- promote anti-discriminatory practice
- empower individuals
- ensure the safety of staff and patients
- maintain confidentiality and privacy
- promote good communication
- follow codes of practice and professional standards
GMC
- general medical council
* doctors
NMC
- nursing and midwifery council
- nurses
- midwives
HCPC
- health and care professions council
- social workers
- physiotherapists
- occupational therapists
- paramedics
- speech therapists
EQUALITY ACT (2010)
• anti-discriminatory practice • the act includes; - religion belief - sex - sexual orientation - age - disability - gender reassignment - marriage and civil partnership - pregnancy and maternity - race
HUMAN RIGHTS ACT (1998)
- access to education
- life
- freedom from torture and degrading treatment
- freedom from slavery and forced labour
- Liberty and security of person
- respect for a family life
- freedom of thoughts, conscience, religion
- freedom of expression
- marry and found a family
- peaceful enjoyment of possessions and protection of property
EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS
- service users get to take control of their lives and futures by taking part in discussions and decisions about their care and treatment
- empowering helps to meet an individuals needs
INDIVIDUAL CARE
• empowering individuals helps them to feel like they are at the heart of the service
DIGNITY AND INDEPENDENCE
• empowerment boosts self-esteem, dignity and independence
PROVIDING SUPPORT FOR A SERVICE USERS BELIEFS, CULTURE AND PREFERENCES
• multi cultural society • staff have to respect; - beliefs - languages - traditions - diets - customs • this can present challenges
HELPING TO EXPRESS A SERVICE USERS NEEDS ANS PREFERENCES
• support could be given by; - translators/interpreters - signers - advocates - family/friends • an advocate is someone who speaks on behalf of someone else and represents their views and preferences
WHY MAY THERE BE CONFLICT BETWEEN STAFF AND THEIR SERVICE USER?
- equally valid preferences between staff and the service user
- the clients right to choose and protect their safety
- the different rights that service users have
- the respect for cultural or religious values of a service user and promoting their health and well-being
DEALING WITH CONFLICT IN A HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SETTING
- training to deal with conflict
- lone workers policy - make sure lone workers are safe
- never resort to aggressive behaviour
- listen carefully
- stay calm
- try to see both sides of the argument of issue
RISK ASSESSMENTS - EMPLOYERS MUST….
• employers have to make sure every employee is safe (health and safety at work act 1974)
• employers must;
- have health and safety policies in place and an official who is responsible for making sure they are followed
- undertake a risk assessment for risks and hazards
- take actions to reduce risks and hazards
RISK ASSESSMENT - EMPLOYEES MUST ….
- take care of their own safety and others in the workplace
- cooperate with their employer to carry out the required health and safety procedures
- not intentionally damage health and safety equipment
CARRYING OUT A RISK: STEP BY STEP
- identify the hazards
- identify those at risk
- evaluate the level of risk
- identify ways to limit the risk
- review measures taken to limit the risk
SAFEGUARDING FROM ABUSE
- follow the settings safeguarding policies
- listen carefully
- avoid asking questions
- tell the safeguarding officer who will investigate the claim or accusation
- provide a written record
PROTECTING PEOPLE FROM INFECTION
• all staff have to maintain a clean and hygienic working environment
• ensure your familiar with cleaning policies
• these can include;
- washing hands
- safe handling and disposal of sharp articles
- soiled linen in designated laundry bags
- wear disposable gloves and aprons
- follow procedures to clean all equipment
- wear protective clothing
CONTROL AND DISPOSAL OF SUBSTANCES HARMFUL TO HEALTH
- COSHH (2002)
- clinical waste - yellow bag, burnt
- needles and syringes - yellow ‘sharps’ box, sealed, burnt
- bodily fluids - sluice drain
- soiled linen - red laundry bag, appropriate temp
- recyclable equipment and instruments - blue bag sent to the central stenlisation service (CSSD)
REPORTING OF INJURIES, DISEASE AND DANGEROUS OCCURENCES
- RIDDOR (2013)
- notifiable deaths, injuries, or diseases
- accident forms must be completed
- required by law and checked on inspections
HEALTH AND SAFETY (first aid) REGULATIONS (1981)
- first aid should be adequate and appropriate
- all incidents should be recorded
- should be truthful and accurate
THE DATA PROTECTION ACT (1998)
• data must:
- not be passed to countries with out protection laws
- kept safe and secure
- not be kept longer than necessary
- accurate and up to date
- not be passed on without permission
- collected honestly and fairly
- be used only for the reasons it was given
- meet the needs of the organisation
HEALTH ORGANISATIONS HAVE TO MONITOR THE…
- level and content of the initial training and education
- ongoing professional development
- standards of professional practice
- standards of personal conduct
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAM
• a team in which health and social care workers from different professional backgrounds and with different work roles, plan, implement and monitor individuals care
HOLISTIC APPROACH
- addresses the whole person
- PIES
- emotional, physical and spiritual health
SERVICE USER FEEDBACK
- regular meetings
- committee of representatives
- suggestion box
- private meetings
- external agencies e.g Ofsted
THE PUBLIC SECTOR
- financed and directed by the government
- NHS
- funded by the tax payer and national insurance contributions
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- provided by GPs, dentists, opticians, and pharmacists
* accessed directly by the service user when needed
SECONDARY HEALTH CARE
- includes most hospital services, mental health services, and community health services
- accessed via the GP who then makes a referral
TERTIARY HEALTH CARE
- provides specialist and normally complex services
* accessed via referral by specialists who have identified the need
NHS FOUNDATION TRUSTS
• independent trusts financed by the government • boards of governors • aim to move the decision making process to local communities • the service provided includes: - adult community nursing services - health visiting/school nursing - physiotherapy/ occupational therapy - palliative/ end of life care - walk in/ urgent care centres
ADULT SOCIAL CARE
• provide: - care in the home - day centres - respite care - sheltered housing - residential care - training centres • run and managed by trusts
CHILDREN’S SERVICES
• support can include:
- services to safeguard children
- day care for children under 5
- help for parents to develop ‘parenting skills’
- practical help
- support of a children’s centre
- arrangements for fostering and adoption
HOW ARE GPs FUNDED?
• government via NHS
• funded according to their assessed workload from their patients. Taking into account:
- age
- gender
- levels of morbidity and mortality
- the number of people in a residential or nursing home
- patient turnover
