LA surgery Exam 1 Flashcards
When is the appropriate time to use the Thomas roder splints
Tibial fractures
radial/ulna fractures
it works like a crutch
When you want to stabilize a joint you want how far proximal and distal from fracture?
Joint above and Joint below
Proud flesh is a problem in small ruminants and cattle true or false?
False
Can you stop wrapping a wound if it is still open with only granulation tissue present?
Yes, it is resistant to infections
What does hydrocolloid gel do for a wound
Promotes wound healing and epithelialization
Sugardine does what?
Sugar mixed with betadine paste, promotes healing, granulation
What should be the first thing you think about when you give a drug to an Ag animal?
What is the withdrawal time?
The only anesthetic drug in Ag animals is?
2% Lidocaine HCl
So use of most anesthetic drugs used in Ag Animals are
Extra label = meat and milk withdrawal time!
Classes of drugs used for analgesia in food animals
Opioids
Alpha-2 agonists
NSAIDs
Local anesthesia (Lidocaine)
What should we know about Phenylbutazone?
Strongly discouraged by FARAD and FDA and is PROHIBITED for use in female dairy cattle age 20 months or older
Which analgesic drug do we want to make sure we don’t use in cattle?
Phenylbutazone
What happens to lidocaine if you mix it up with NaCl or put it into something like an abscess?
These are acidic environments and will not allow lidocaine to work (needs alkaline environment)
If you are going to dilute lidocaine out what should you dilute it with?
Bicarb or just distilled water
What are signs of toxicity for lidocaine?
hypotension, drowsiness/sedation, twitching and spasms, respiratory depression, convulsions
What is a toxic lidocaine dose?
10 mg/kg
What is NOCITA
bupivacaine liposome that prolongs the effect of lidocaine (very expensive)
What is the goal of Disbudding/Dehorning?
Destroy the corium from which the horn and cornual process develops
What does AVMA recommend for disbudding cattle?
Do it before it attaches to the skull, inject lidocaine before procedure and provide NSAIDs post procedure
What is the difference between disbudding and dehorning?
Disbudding - before the corium attaches to the bone
Dehorning - corium has attached to the bone and is producing bone
When is the best time to disbud cattle?
First 1 - 2 months of life
What is the best time to disbud goats?
First few weeks of life
What does the corunal sinus communicate with?
The frontal sinus
What can be a complication of dehorning?
Frontal sinusitis
How can we manage pain during dehorning cattle?
- Nerve name/location
- other analgesics?
- Lidocaine block: Cornual branch of the infratrochlear (CN 5) nerve , just ventral to the frontal crest (stick needle in parallel to crest)
- NSAIDs (pour on flunixin)
What are ways we can disbud calves?
Caustic pastes
Dehorning irons
Horn gouges or tube dehorners
“barnes” dehorner
Pros and cons of caustic paste for disbudding?
Pro: Less painful, non invasive
Con: If it rains or runs down to their eyes it can make them blind
What procedure is not recommended when doing dehorning?
Cosmetic Dehorning
What is a scur?
Incomplete destruction of the corium so a funky looking horn still grows a little.
How is blocking a goat and cervid different than blocking a calve horn?
Two nerves:
Cornual branch of the lacrimnal (palpable in the orbital notch -medialdorsal)
Cornual branch of the infratrochlear (the corner of the L between orbit and zygomatic arch)
If you are dehorning a goat what level of sedation/anesthesia do you want?
General anesthesia
What is the recommended procedure for adult goat dehorning?
use obstetrical wire if it is bleeding, cauterize it. And if you have an open sinus you need to bandage it!
What should we never use to dehorn a goat? Why?
Do not use a gouger barns dehorner in a goat, you will fracture their calvarium
Who has a thicker skull, a goat or a calve? So which one should you be more concerned about frying their brain?
Goats have a thin skull, easily cooked brain
Use a very very very hot iron and only hold it on for <1 sec at a time.
What is the treatment for sinusitis from dehorning in cattle?
Examine dehorning site Systemic abx NSAIDs Flush sinus cavity - H2O2 Trephination (rare)
Antlers shedding and growing happens during what part of the year?
Shed in the fall
Grow in the spring
Caribou and Reindeer need what in their diet for antler growth?
50+ lbs of Calcium salts
Which deer species have females that create antlers?
Caribou and Reindeer
What completely inhibits growth of deer and elk antlers?
Castration before first antler growth
How can you keep a deer or elk with permanent velvet antlers?
Castrate them when they have velvet antlers
If you castrate a deer/elk when they have bone (no velvet) antlers, what will happen?
Immediate antler drop and replacement of velvet stage next year that stays velvet
What do you need to be aware of when removing velvet antlers?
They have nerves and blood supply so you need a special ring block