LA Characteristics Flashcards
Lidocaine trade name
Xylocaine
mepivicaine trade name
Carbocaine
prilocaine trade name
Citanest
Articaine trade name
Septocaine
Bupivicaine trade name
Marcaine
Need for hemostasis
1:50,000 Epi (Lidocaine)
most commonly used LA in dentistry for nerve block
Lidocaine
Lidocaine pulpal anesthesia without Epi
5-10 minutes (not available in US)
Lidocaine time for pulpal anesthesia
1:100,000
1:50,000
both 60 minutes
Lidocaine dosage
3.2 mg/lb
500 mg MRD
Lidocaine available formulations
2% Lidocaine 1:50,000 Epi (green)
2% Lidocaine 1:100,000 Epi (red)
LAs with anticonvulsant properties
Lidocaine and Mepivicaine
LAs without anticonvulsant properties
Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine
allergic rxn risk of LAs
No risk: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine
Low risk: Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine
Toxicity risk of LAs
Very low risk: Prilocaine (caution w/ plain)
Low risk: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine, Articaine,
High risk: Bupivicaine
LA vasoactivity
Potent vasodilator: Lidocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine (most potent)
Weak vasodilator: Mepivacaine, Prilocaine
LAs and ability to be topical anesthetic
Topical: Lidocaine, Prilocaine when combined with Lidocaine
LA metabolism
Lidocaine: liver
Mepivicaine: liver
Prilocaine: lungs (small amt in liver)
Articiane: 90% plasma, 10% liver
Bupivicaine: liver
LA excretion
All in kidney to varying degree excreted unchanged in urine
LAs pregnancy category
Category B: Lidocaine, Prilocaine
Category C: Mepivicaine, Bupivicaine, Articaine
Lactation Safety LAs
Lactation safe: Lidocaine, Mepivicaine
Unknown: Prilocaine, Articaine, Bupivicaine
Good choice if vasoconstrictor is contraindicated
Mepivacaine
Mepivacaine pulpal anesthesia without Epi
20-40 minutes
Mepivacaine pulpal anesthesia 1:20,000 Levo
60 minutes
