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Urogenital Y2 > L9 - UG HARC 2 > Flashcards

L9 - UG HARC 2 Flashcards

1. Anatomy of the female reproductive system, with focus on peritoneal reflections, vasculature and innervation. 2. Anatomy of the male reproductive system: accessory glands, testes and scrotum 3. Understand the formation of the inguinal canal in relation to embryological descent of the gonads: comparison of male and female 4. Describe and distinguish between male and female external genitalia

1
Q

Where would you find the vesicouterine pouch?

A

Between bladder and uterus

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2
Q

Where would you find the rectouterine pouch?

key point about this pouch

A
  • Between rectum and uterus.
  • Most inferior aspect.
  • Point of fluid accumulation.
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3
Q

Uterine tube role (4)

A
  • Receives ovum.
  • Fertilisation site commonly ampulla.
  • Nourishes fertilised ovum
  • and transports it to uterine cavity.
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4
Q

Ovary role (2)

A
  • Production of female germ cells.

- Production of oestrogen and progesterone

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5
Q

Uterus role (3)

A

Reception, retention and nutrition of fertilised ovum.

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6
Q

What are the two attachments of the ovary?

A
  1. Suspensory ligament of the ovary
    - ovarian vessels and nerves
    - lymphatics
  2. Ovarian ligament
    - round ligament
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7
Q

Describe the pathway of the ovum?

5 words

A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Infundibulum
  3. Ampulla
  4. Isthmus
  5. Intramural
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8
Q

Describe the anatomy of the uterus? (3)

  • shape
  • approx length
  • features
A
  • Pear-shaped
  • 7/8cm long
  • Has a cervical canal with an internal and external os.
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9
Q

Internal os

A
  • Communicates with the uterine cavity
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10
Q

External os

A
  • Communicates with vaginal canal

- Changes shape post-partum

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11
Q

What is the shape of the external os in post partum women?

A

Changes from circular to ‘slit like’

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12
Q

Describe the vagina?

surrounds…
extends…
passes through…

A
  • Surrounds cervix.
  • Extends between vulva (external genitalia) and uterus.
  • Passes through pelvic floor
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13
Q

Describe the position of the vagina?

A
  • Upper half of vagina lies above pelvic floor.

- Lower half below it.

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14
Q

Describe the broad ligament?

A
  • Peritoneum drapes over forming a double layer of peritoneum.
  • Encasing structures it covers.
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15
Q

Culdocentesis involves…

A
  • Procedure in which peritoneal fluid obtained from pouch of Douglas.
  • Pouch of Douglas AKA Rectouterine pouch.
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16
Q

Give examples of causes of fluid accumulation in the rectouterine pouch?

(2)

A
  1. Ectopic pregnancy

2. Peritonitis

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17
Q

Where does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

Lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

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18
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum line?

bladder?

A

Covers the organs.

Bladder is hidden by peritoneal covering.

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19
Q

State the three parts of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Mesosalpinx
  2. Mesovarium
  3. Mesometrium
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20
Q

What is the name given to the two pouches formed by the draping of the broad ligament?

A
  1. Rectouterine

2. Vesicouterine

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21
Q

What is the major artery that gives rise to branches which will supply the female genital tract?

A

Internal Iliac artery.

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22
Q

State the branches of the internal iliac artery, related to the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Uterine a.
  2. Vaginal a.
    - can be a branch of uterine or internal iliac artery.
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23
Q

Where does the ovarian (gonadal) artery originate from?

A

Abdominal aorta branch.

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24
Q

What is the round ligament? (4)

remnant of…
originates at…
attaches to..
passes through…

A
  • Remnant of the Gubernaculum.
  • Originates at uterine horns.
  • Attaches to labia majora.
  • Passes through inguinal canal.
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25
Q

Uterine horns

A

Points at which the fallopian tubes enter the uterus.

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26
Q

What are the cardinal ligaments?

A
  • Situated along inferior border of broad ligament.

- House the uterine artery and veins.

27
Q

What are the two main ligaments that attach to the ovary?

A

Ovarian ligament.
- connects ovary to side of uterus.

Suspensory ligament.
- extends outwards from ovary to lateral abdominal wall.

28
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

Contains ovarian vessels and nerves.

  • ovarian artery
  • ovarian vein
  • ovarian nerve plexus
  • lymphatic vessels
29
Q

Describe sensory innervation of the vulva

A

Sensory
- Anterior: Ilioinguinal nerve, branch of genitofemoral nerve

  • Posterior: pudendal nerve, branch of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
30
Q

Describe parasympathetic innervation of the vulva?

A

Uterovaginal plexus

  • cavernous nerves
    • P.symp innervation for clitoris and vestibule
31
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve is a branch of the ….

A

Genitofemoral nerve

32
Q

Pudendal nerve is a branch of the ….

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

33
Q

What delivers both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation to vagina?

A

Uterovaginal nerve plexus

34
Q

What is special about the innervation of the inferior 1/5th of the vagina?

A

Somatic innervation

via deep perineal nerve which is a branch of the pudendal nerve.

35
Q

Describe sympathetic innervation of the uterus?

A

Via uterovaginal plexus.

- anterior and intermediate parts

36
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the uterus?

A

Derived from pelvis splanchnic nerves

s2 - s4

37
Q

What is the cervix innervated by?

A

Inferior nerve fibres of the uterovaginal plexus

38
Q

Describe innervation of Fallopian tubes?

A
  1. Symp and parasympathetic
    - ovarian and uterine (pelvic plexuses)
  2. Sensory afferents from T11-L1
39
Q

Male reproductive tract consists of (5)

A
  1. Testis
  2. Epididymus
  3. Ductus Deferens
  4. Ejaculatory duct
  5. Urethra
40
Q

Describe the pathway of sperm

A
  • Seminferous tubules
  • Straight tubules
  • Rete testis
  • Efferent ductules
  • Epididymis
  • Ductus Deferens
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Urethra
41
Q

Tunica Albuginea extends into…

A
  • Fibrous septa
42
Q

Describe the testes and scrotum?

A

Testes suspended in scrotum by spermatic cord.

- keeps testes 3 degrees lower than body temp for spermatogenesis

43
Q

Which testes is lower?

A

Left usually lower, descends first

44
Q

State, superficial to deep the layers of the scrotum and testes?

A
  • Skin
  • Dartos fascia
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric fascia (muscle)
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Tunica Vaginalis (two layers)
  • Tunica Albuginea (hidden)

Some damn englishman called it the testis

45
Q

State the accessory glands

A

Produce seminal fluid to carry sperm

  1. Prostate (singular)
  2. Seminal vesicles (paired)
  3. Bulbourethral glands (paired)
46
Q

Describe the structure of the prostate gland?

A 
Inferior to bladder.
Five lobes
1. Anterior 
2. Posterior 
3. Median 
4. Lateral 
5. Lateral
47
Q

Which lobe may prostatic cancer be found?

A

Posterior lobe

48
Q

Describe the bulbourethral glands?

etc.
found in…
produces…
empties…

A
  • Paired glands.
  • Deep perineal pouch.
  • Produces pre-ejaculatory fluid
  • Empties into spongy urethra.
49
Q

What are the ductus deferens?

A
  • Muscular tube
  • carrying spermatozoa from the testis.
  • Primary component of spermatic cord passing in inguinal canal.
50
Q

What is the major artery supplying the male reproductive system?

A

Internal iliac artery.

51
Q

Artery to ductus deferens is a branch of …

A

branch of superior or inferior vesical arteries

52
Q

The prostatic arteries are a branch of the …

A

Inferior vesical arteries

53
Q

Where is the testicular artery derived from?

A
  • Abdominal aortic branch.

- Travels in spermatic cord in inguinal canal.

54
Q

Where does the pudendal nerve innervate in the male reproductive system?

what does it supply?

A

Innervation to the perineum.
Sacral plexus branch.

Supplies

  • Ext. urethral sphincter
  • Ext. anal sphincter
  • Levator ani m.
  • Ischiocavernosus m.
  • Bulbospongiosus m.
55
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A
  • Oblique passage

- through the layers of the abdominal wall in both males and females.

56
Q

What is the origin of the inguinal canal?

A

Deep inguinal ring

- opening in transversalis fascia

57
Q

Where does the inguinal ring terminate?

A

Opening in external oblique m. aponeurosis

58
Q

How is the inguinal canal created?

A

Dragging of structures through the incomplete abdominal wall.

  • Processus Vaginalis followed by the gubernaculum.
59
Q

When do male gonads descend into the scrotum?

A

By 9 months of development.

60
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Incomplete descent

61
Q

How far does the female gonad descend

A

Only as far as the pelvic cavity

62
Q

Describe formation of the ovarian ligament?

A

Gubernaculum attached to labioscrotal swelling becomes ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus.

63
Q

What is the perineal body?

A
  • Fibromuscular mass between the two triangles.

- Anchors surrounding musculature.

Urogenital Y2 (16 decks)

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