L14 - Hormonal Abnormalities 1 Flashcards
1. Describe normal female menstrual cycle, including hormones involved, where they're secreted from and their effect on the uterus and ovary. 2. Describe the common hormonal and chemical abnormalities associated with PCOS 3. Explain how these lead to common clinical manifestations of PCOS. 4. Describe the further investigations and management of women with PCOS. 5. Define normal puberty and describe the hormonal changes that occur relating these to clinical changes. 6. Briefly describe what
What does the term menarche refer to?
Between ages of 12 - 15 where the first period will occur
What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular
Ovulation
Luteal
Phases of the uterine cycle?
Menstruation
Proliferative
Secretory
What is kisspeptin?
aka metastin
- human metastasis supressor gene.
- able to supress melanoma & breast cancer metastasis
- role in initiating secretion of GnRH
What is anovulation?
Ovaries do not release an oocyte during a menstrual cycle.
How may a diagnosis of anovulation be confirmed?
2 of the following needed:
- Biochemical / clinical hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne, alopecia)
- Menstrual irregularity
- Poly-cystic ovaries
Which hormones predominantly drive androgen production from poly-cystic ovaries?
Obese females: Insulin
Slimmer females: LH
Amenorrhoea
Lack of periods.
No menstruation occurring
State some female features of puberty?
- Breast development
- pubic hair growth, height
- menarche
What are some male features of puberty?
- Testicular enlargement (measured with orchidometer)
- Pubic hair growth
- Rapid height growth
- Growth spurt
What are features of puberty that affect both sexes?
- Acne, axillary hair, body odour, mood
What is precocious puberty?
Puberty that occurs earlier than expected?
Which sex is more likely to experience precocious puberty?
Girls
- ovaries very sensitive to secretion of gonadotrophin from the pituitary gland
- usually familial or idiopathic
Describe the importance in management of young patients going through precocious puberty?
- Reducing rate of skeletal maturation
- as early growth spurt may cause early cessation of growth
- and reduction in adult height.
Thelarche
Premature breast development