L9/L10- Non-Classical Glands/ Endocrine disruptors Flashcards
Where in the brain are most hormones produced?
The hypothalamus
What hormones are produced by the kidney?
Renin, vitamin D and EPO
What hormones are produced by the heart?
ANP and BNP
What hormone is produced by the liver?
IGF-1
Where in the GI are hormones produced?
the small intestine and stomach produce many hormones
Do platelets produce hormones?
yes
From where in the kidney is renin produced/released?
Renin is a glycoprotein produced in the juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arterioles
Other than converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, what else does renin regulate?
Arteriolar diameter
What stimulates the production of EPO in the kidney?
Anemia, thyroid hormone, hypoxia, NE and androgens (estrogens inhibit)
What does EPO stimulate?
EPO stimulates proerythroblasts and differentiation of RBCs
What is a major side effect of raising hematocrit too quickly?
Hypertension
What cells release ANP?
atrial myocytes
What cells release BNP?
Ventricular myocytes
What is the main effect of ANP and BNP?
ANP and BNP are released in response to stretch (mechanical stimuli) in order to decrease blood pressure.
ANP and BNP are potent vasodilators, and increase natriuresis
How does ANP and BNP affect hematocrit?
ANP and BNP generate a significant increase in hematocrit
Which is a more important diagnostic tool, ANP or BNP? WhY?
BNP- it has a longer half- life.
High levels indicate heart and renal failure
Low levels are seen in obesity
What does polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)?
PCB competes with thyroid hormone for binding to its transport protein
What is DES?
DES is a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen.
Exposure leads to increased risk of cervical cancer
What is BPA?
Estrogenic compound found in plastics.
Obesogenic and diabetogenic- it is also an antagonist for the thyroid hormone receptor.
Exposure leads to reproductive and developmental defects, along with cardiovascular disease.
