L9/L10- Non-Classical Glands/ Endocrine disruptors

Question 1

Where in the brain are most hormones produced?

Answer 1

The hypothalamus

Question 2

What hormones are produced by the kidney?

Answer 2

Renin, vitamin D and EPO

Question 3

What hormones are produced by the heart?

Answer 3

ANP and BNP

Question 4

What hormone is produced by the liver?

Answer 4

IGF-1

Question 5

Where in the GI are hormones produced?

Answer 5

the small intestine and stomach produce many hormones

Question 6

Do platelets produce hormones?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

From where in the kidney is renin produced/released?

Answer 7

Renin is a glycoprotein produced in the juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arterioles

Question 8

Other than converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, what else does renin regulate?

Answer 8

Arteriolar diameter

Question 9

What stimulates the production of EPO in the kidney?

Answer 9

Anemia, thyroid hormone, hypoxia, NE and androgens (estrogens inhibit)

Question 10

What does EPO stimulate?

Answer 10

EPO stimulates proerythroblasts and differentiation of RBCs

Question 11

What is a major side effect of raising hematocrit too quickly?

Answer 11

Hypertension

Question 12

What cells release ANP?

Answer 12

atrial myocytes

Question 13

What cells release BNP?

Answer 13

Ventricular myocytes

Question 14

What is the main effect of ANP and BNP?

Answer 14

ANP and BNP are released in response to stretch (mechanical stimuli) in order to decrease blood pressure.

ANP and BNP are potent vasodilators, and increase natriuresis

Question 15

How does ANP and BNP affect hematocrit?

Answer 15

ANP and BNP generate a significant increase in hematocrit

Question 16

Which is a more important diagnostic tool, ANP or BNP? WhY?

Answer 16

BNP- it has a longer half- life.

High levels indicate heart and renal failure
Low levels are seen in obesity

Question 17

What does polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)?

Answer 17

PCB competes with thyroid hormone for binding to its transport protein

Question 18

What is DES?

Answer 18

DES is a non-steroidal synthetic estrogen.

Exposure leads to increased risk of cervical cancer

Question 19

What is BPA?

Answer 19

Estrogenic compound found in plastics.

Obesogenic and diabetogenic- it is also an antagonist for the thyroid hormone receptor.

Exposure leads to reproductive and developmental defects, along with cardiovascular disease.