L9- Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

What are the 4 of Koch’s Postulates (need to know?)

Answer 1

The causative organism must be isolated from every individual suffering from the disease in question;

The causative organism must be cultivated artificially in pure culture;

When the causative organism is inoculated from pure culture, the typical symptoms of the infection must result;

The causative organism must be recoverable from individuals who are infected experimentally.

Question 2

What covers the nucleic core of viruses?

Answer 2

Capsomeres (like a coat around the core)

Question 3

What is the special class of virus that attacks bacteria?

Answer 3

Bacteriophage

Question 4

spongiform encephalopathies are caused by ?

Answer 4

Infectious proteins known as prions.

Question 5

Are fungi Eukaryote or prokaryote?

Answer 5

All fungi are eukaryotic.

Most possess a cell wall made of chitin.

Question 6

What are moulds?

Answer 6

fungi that grow in mats of tiny filaments known as hyphae that form mats called mycelia

Question 7

Example of a unicellular fungi

Answer 7

Yeast

Question 8

Are moulds multicellular or unicellular

Answer 8

Multicellular

Question 9

What conditions are caused by moulds?

Answer 9

Ring worm

Athletes foot

Question 10

What condition is caused by yeast?

Answer 10

Thrush

Caused by candida albicans

Question 11

Features of Protista/Protozoa

Answer 11

Protists are unicellular eukaryotes

Question 12

Examples of conditions caused by Protists/Protozoa

Answer 12

toxoplasmosis, 
amoebic meningitis, 
malaria, 
trypanosomiasis, 
leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)
amoebic dysentery 
diarrhoea

Question 13

Trichomonas vaginalis causes

Answer 13

Foul smelling Vaginal discharge

Men can be asymptomatic carriers, although this protist can cause balanitis.

Question 14

Gram positive vs Gram negative

Answer 14

Gram positive:
Lots of layers of peptidoglycan

Gram Negative:

• The outer membrane contains lipopolysaccharide.
• The sugars form surface antigen + complex lipid = lipid A, —> acts as endotoxin, responsible for the symptoms of Gram-negative shock
• hair-like structures known as fimbriae

Question 15

What are Fimbriae?

Answer 15

Hair like structures aid adhesion onto particular surfaces

Question 16

Streptococcus mutans and teeth relationship?

Answer 16

Slime produced by it sticks to the teeth —> Helps form plaque —> eventually leading to caries

Question 17

Infections by faecal-oral route examples

Answer 17

Typhoid
cholera
dysentery
hepatitis A
poliomyelitis

Question 18

Term for a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals

Answer 18

Zoonoses

Question 19

What is a fomite?

Answer 19

any object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms