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BMS381 Developmental Neurobiology > L9 - Hypothalamus - Strucutre and Function > Flashcards

L9 - Hypothalamus - Strucutre and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major function of the hypothalamus

A

Maintain a stable internal envronment

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2
Q

Hypothalmus exterts control on what systems

A

Autonomic nervous system

Endocrine system

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3
Q

Characteristics of physical homeostasis

A 
Body temperature
Stress response
Reproduction
Sleep 
Electrolyte balance 
BP
Energy balance
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4
Q

What is allostasis

A

The ability of the body to reset the set points throughout time

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5
Q

What does allostasis imply?

A

That cells in the hypothalamus have a life long plasticity which is important for survival

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6
Q

Describe how fever can arrise from hypothalamic brain circuits

A

Need to detect temp changes and modulate the ANS to either retain or dissipate heat

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7
Q

Describe how addiction can arrise from hypothalamic brain circuits

A

Many recreational drigs work through neural pathways involved in reward and motivated behaviour that form an important part of limbic system function

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8
Q

Describe how anxiety disorders can arrise from hypothalamic brain circuits

A

Anxiety disorders can have physiological symptoms mediated by the ANS and the limbic system

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9
Q

Describe how obesity can arrise from hypothalamic brain circuits

A

Feeding behaviour is in part controlled by the hypothalamus and interactions between limbic reward circuitry and the hypothalamus are improtant to feeding behavour

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10
Q

What is the hypothalamus limited by at the anterior and posteiror

A

ANT - optic chasm and anterior commissure

POST - mammillarybodies

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11
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Stress response

A

Corticotrophin releasing hormone neruones in the PVN

SF1 neurones in the VMN

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12
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Reproduction

A

GnRG neurones in ARC

DA neurones in ARC

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13
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Sleep

A

GABA-ergic and hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta

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14
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Electrolyte balance and blood pressure

A

AVP neurones in the PVN

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15
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Energy balanc

A

POMC and NPPY neurones in the ARC

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16
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in … Circadian cycle

A

Neurones in the SCN

17
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved in …

Mood and agression

Trust

A

SF1+ neurones in the VMN

Oxytocin and neurones in the PVN

18
Q

Describe the circuitry in the hypothalamus

A

Interlinked

One circuit can affect an other

19
Q

How many classes of PVN neurones are there?

A

2

20
Q

What are the two classes of PVN syndrome

A

Oxytocin

VP

21
Q

Describe the projection of the PVN neuroens

A

Project axosn to the posterior pituaitary (neurohypothysis) and secrete into the geeneral circulation

22
Q

How many classes of neurones are there that secrete regulatory hormones into local portal circulation that directly link to the anterior pituitary - describe their projection

A

5 classes of neurones from the PVN and ARC which project to the medial eminence

23
Q

What do the PVN neurones –> posterior pituitary and the neurones from PVN –> portal circulation allow?

A

BRAIN:BODY communication

24
Q

What structure is present in the embryonic hypothalamus

A

Infundibulum

25
Q

What does the infundibulum split into

A

Medial eminence and the posterior pituitary

26
Q

What are the special cells which line the third ventricle

A

Tanycytes

27
Q

Describe the morphology og tanycytes

A

Radial-glia like

28
Q

Describe how the tanycytes are classified

A

Position and projection

29
Q

What do the tanycytes lie in close proximity to

A

Close to ARC and VMN

30
Q

What is the role of the tanycytes

What do the tanycytes allow?

A

Act as gatekeepers - providing a direct link with the circulatory system/peripheral body

Hypothalamus is able to connect to the circulating plasma via fenestrated capillaries in the medial emminence and connects to the CSF via the 3rd ventricle

31
Q

What is the tanycytes an example of?

A

The BODY being able to talk to the BRAIN

32
Q

What 3 mechanisms of the hypothalamus make its tole analogous to servo-control systems

A

Recieves sensory information from external body

Compares inputs to set points

Adjusts autonomic, endocrine and behavioural responses aimed at maintaining homeostasis

BMS381 Developmental Neurobiology (16 decks)

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