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BMSC2210 - Chemotherapy > L9 - Fungal infections & chemotherapy > Flashcards

L9 - Fungal infections & chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

2 cellular forms of fungal growth?

A

yeast cells

hyphae/mycelium = moulds

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2
Q

what are the 3 different fungal lifestyles?

A

Saprophytism

Symbiosis (mutualism)

Parasitism

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3
Q

What are common plant pathogenic fungi?

A

Wheat rust

Dutch Elm disease

Ash die-back

Fusarium wilt of banana

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4
Q

What are the 3 different fungal infections?

A

superficial
subcutaneous
systemic

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5
Q

What are superficial fungal infections?

A

skin, hair, nails mucosal surfaces

e.g. thrush, ringworm

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6
Q

What are subcutaneous fungal infections?

A

subcutaneous tissues

sporotrichosis
chromoblastomycosis

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7
Q

What are systemic fungal infections?

A

deep tissues

aspergillosis

systemic candidosis

histoplasmosis

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8
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

specialised fungi

exploit keratin

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9
Q

What are infections caused by dermatophytes?

A

tinea pedis
tinea unguiuim
tinea capitis

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10
Q

What happens during tinea pedis?

A

scaling

inflammation (low level)

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of tinea capitis

A

black dots - hair follicle infected and falls out

ring worm - microsporum canis - autoinflammatory

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12
Q

what is oral candidosis?

A

white plaques
sometimes red/inflamed

dimorphic fungus
elongated hyphae

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13
Q

What is Sporotirchosisi?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

fungus travels down lymphatic system, emerges on skin

sphagnum moss

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14
Q

How are systemic fungal infections diagnosed?

A

isolation of fungus from blood/tissue biopsy

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15
Q

What is a “true” systemic fungal infection?

A

affect host regardless of imune status

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16
Q

What is opportunistic fungal infection?

A

affect immune-compromised host

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17
Q

What is systemic cadidosis?

A

present as candidaemia

blood, peritoneum, meninges, heart, bone, eye

18
Q

What are risk factors for systemic candidosis?

A 
catheters
IV drugs
gut surgery
antibiotics 
immunosuppressants
prematurity
19
Q

How is candidosis diagnosed?

A

blood culture

biopsy

peritoneal fluid culture

serology

20
Q

What is SAFS (aspergillosis)?

A

Sever asthma with fungal sensitisation

21
Q

What is ABPA (aspergillosis)?

A

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis

22
Q

What is Aspergilloma?

A

fungus ball

Old TB cavity

23
Q

What is CPA (aspergillosis)?

A

chronic pulmonary aspergillosis

24
Q

What makes people more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis?

A

neutropenia

low neutrophil count

25
Q

How is aspergillosis diagnosed in the immunocompetent?

A

X-ray

Chest CT

culture sputum

antibody tests

26
Q

How is aspergillosis diagnosed in the immunocompromised?

A

Chest CT

Culture of BAL

antigen tests

PCR for DNA

biopsy

27
Q

How was invasive aspergillosis proved?

A

transbronchial biopsy

histological examination = tissue invasion

28
Q

What is mucormycosis caused by?

A

Moulds:

Mucor
Lichtheimia

rhino-cerebral or pulmonary disease in immunocompromised

29
Q

What is cryptococcosis caused by?

A

cryptococcus neoformans

pulomonary disease
meningitis

AIDS

30
Q

What is Histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

dimorphic

conidia inhaled from bird/bat roosts

can spread to other organs

mottled lungs (thought to be Tb)

31
Q

What are therapies for fungal infections?

A

recover w/out treatment

surgery

antifungals

32
Q

What are the 6 main classes of antifungals?

A 
Pyrimidine
Polyenes
Allylamine
Azoles
Echinocandins
Fungerps (new)
33
Q

What do Pyrimidine targte?

A

DNA & protein synthesis

34
Q

What do Polyene target?

A

plasma membrane

35
Q

What do Allyamine target?

A

Ergosterol biosynthesis

36
Q

What do Azoles target?

A

Ergosterol biosynthesis

37
Q

Wat do Echinocandins target?

A

Beta 1-3 glucan synthesis

38
Q

What do Fungerps target?

A

Beta 1-3 glucan synthesis

39
Q

What is Beta 1-3 glucan synthesis needed for?

A

cell wall

40
Q

What is Ergosterol biosynthesis needed for?

A

plasma membrane

41
Q

What is clinical resistance?

A

failure of patient to respond to antifungal therapy

42
Q

What is in vitro resistance?

A

failure of a fungus to be inhibited or killed by an anti fungal under GIVEN SET OF CONDITIONS

BMSC2210 - Chemotherapy (17 decks)

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