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BMSC2210 - Chemotherapy > L2 - Herpesviruses > Flashcards

L2 - Herpesviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 subfamilies of Herpes?

A

Gammaherpesviridae
Betaherpesviridae
Alphaherpesviridae

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2
Q

What are the Alpha HSVs?

A

HSV1
HSV2
VZV

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3
Q

What are the Beta HSVs?

A

HHV7
HHV6
CMV

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4
Q

What are the Gamma HSVs?

A

EBV

KSHV

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5
Q

What does HSV1 cause?

A 
cold sores 
herpes encephalitis (brain herpes, very rare)
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6
Q

How can children become blind from HSV1?

A

touch cold sores

rub eyes

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7
Q

What does HSV2 cause?

A

genital herpes

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8
Q

What does VSV cause?

A

Chicken pox

shingles

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9
Q

Why is shingles an issue with the ageing population?

A

nerve damage on skin

long term pain

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10
Q

what 4 diseases does KSHV cause?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Multicentric Castleman’s disease

Primary effusion lymphoma

KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome

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11
Q

What are the 2 distinct life cycles of HSV?

A

Lytic

Latent

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12
Q

What occurs during HSV lytic replication cycle?

A

transcription - IE, DE, late expression

genome replication

assembly

envelopment

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13
Q

Where does HSV remain latent

A

sensory ganglion

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14
Q

What does shedding in genital areas achieve?

A

transmission to other sexual partners or mother to infant at delivery

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15
Q

What are the 3 antivirals used for HSV1/2?

A

acyclovir
valacyclovir
famcyclovir

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16
Q

What do the other 2 HSV1/2 antiviral drugs have over acyclovir?

A

higher oral availability

17
Q

How does acyclovir act?

A

Prevents chain elongation = cell death

Viral Thymidine kinase

cellular kinase x2
Viral + host

polymerase

18
Q

What is acyclovir an analogue of

A

guanosine - lacks a ribose moiety

19
Q

What is the difference between the nucleoside analogues?

A

Valacylclovir - esterified version of acyclovir

20
Q

How is genital herpes treated

A

continuous drug regimen

21
Q

What drugs are useful for acyclovir resistant strains?

A

Helicase-primase inhibitors

enhance binding of the complex to DNA - prevents progression through helices/primase catalytic cycles

sticks to DNA - stops movement & replication

22
Q

What is the name of helicase-primase inhibitors?

A

BILS 179 BS

23
Q

How can HSV2 occur in neonates?

A

skin
eyes
encephalitis
severe neurological disease

24
Q

How can neonatal herpes be prevented?

A

caesarean

suppressive therapy to reduce virus shedding from 36 weeks

25
Q

What is post-herpetic neuralgia?

A

nerves damage caused by herpes zoster

loss of nerves - abnormal signalling manifesting as excruciating pain

26
Q

What are the new antiviral molecules against VZV?

A

Cidofovir derivatives
selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerase - prevents DNA replication
acyclic nucleoside phosphate

BCNAs
Cf 1743 - patient shingles drug

ASP2151 helicase-primase inhbitor

27
Q

How is cidofovir activated?

A

2 phosphorylation steps

NOT ACTIVATED by viral TK

more toxic side effects

28
Q

What is the name of the helices primate inhibitor for VZV?

A

ASP2151

29
Q

What are pain killers for VSV?

A

opioid analgesics
morphine
oxycodone

30
Q

What is the anti-depressant used in VSV?

A

TCAs
enhances neurotransmission
enhances mood and sleep

31
Q

What is this shingles vaccine programme?

A

ZOSTVAX

live attenuated

32
Q

What is the most common Herpes-related cancer?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

33
Q

Why does KSHV not work with acyclovir?

A

KSHV THYmidine kinase does not phosphorylate acyclovir

34
Q

What is the novel treatment for KSHV?

A

VEGF inhibitors: Bevacizumab

humanised monoclonal antibody

Kit inhibitors: Imatinib

c-KIT = tyrosine kinase receptor

35
Q

Why are BCNAs so active?

A

converted to 5’-monophospho AND 5’-diphospho derivates by the viral TK of VZV

36
Q

Is BILS179 or ASP2151 better at treating VSV?

A

ASP2151

BMSC2210 - Chemotherapy (17 decks)

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