L9

Question 1

What do toxicology risk assessments identify?

Answer 1

Context-specific safety limits for human health effects

Question 2

Is there an identifible benefit on cosmetics?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

What are main groups of toxic compunds in environment?

Answer 3

Organic solvents
heavy metals

Question 4

What are persistent bioaccumulative toxic chemicals?

Answer 4

Arsenic
lead
benzene
Chromium
Zinc

Question 5

Where is Benzene found?

Answer 5

petrol & exhaust fumes & cigarette smoke

Question 6

What can benzene inhalation lead to?

Answer 6

Haempoatic toxicty - anaemia, pancytopenia & leukaemia

Question 7

What professor associated excess mortality in winter to smoke?

Answer 7

Luke Clancy

Question 8

When was smoking banned in workplaces?

Answer 8

1990s

Question 9

What does enviro reg aim to do?

Answer 9

Produce measurable improvements in environment to benefit human health & society
address private decisions by a company/consumer that has negative consequences for others

Question 10

Where does enviro reg focus?

Answer 10

Greatest environmental risk

Question 11

What is very important to balance potential value of reg action to society?

Answer 11

Cost-benefit analysis

Question 12

What are enforcement?

Answer 12

Permits - direct regulation

Question 13

What are enticements?

Answer 13

Alternative approaches eg. trading schemes, education

Question 14

What is the EPA responsible for?

Answer 14

Protecting & improving environment as a valuable asset for people of Ireland

Question 15

What are 4 actions of EPA?

Answer 15

Enforcement of environmental law
Environmental licensing
Environmental planning
Monitoring, analysing & reporting on environment

Question 16

What 7 activities require a EPA license?

Answer 16

Waste facilities
Large scale industrial activities
Intensive agriculture
Sources of ionising radiation
Large petrol storage facilities
Waste water discharges
Dumping at sea activities

Question 17

When was the Industrial Emissions directive implemented?

Answer 17

23 April 2013 onwards

Question 18

What were newly prescribed IED activities?

Answer 18

production of organic/inorganic chemicals
Phosphorous/nitrogen/potassium based fertilisers
Pharma products including intermediates

Question 19

What kind of approach does IED use to protect the environment?

Answer 19

Integrated - prevent or reduce emissions to air, water & land, reduce waste & use energy sources efficiently

Question 20

What is a condition of the locense>

Answer 20

Submission of an Annual Environmental Report (AER)

Question 21

Give 2 examples of things in the AER?

Answer 21

Air emissions
Water/waste water emissions

Question 22

What are RBME?

Answer 22

Additional routine monitoring to ensure compliance with license emission limit values (ELV)
Additional non-routine monitoring

Question 23

When was there a ban on single use plastic products?

Answer 23

July 2021

Question 24

What are the 10 items of single used plastics to be addressed?

Answer 24

Cotton bud sticks
Cutlery
Balloons
Food containers
Cups for beverages
Cigarette butts
Plastic bags
Packets
Wet wipes

Question 25

What is the primary concern for a manufacturing site of pharma?

Answer 25

Wastewater

Question 26

What are 2 other sources of pharmaceuticals?

Answer 26

Patient/user -> WWTP or septic tank or landfill Farms -> feces spread on land

Question 27

Whats an example of a pharmaceutical in environement?

Answer 27

Diclofenac used in cattle in SEA -> toxic to vultures -> kidney failure -> decline of population

Question 28

What drug is not completely broken down in WWTP?

Answer 28

Natural & synthetic estrogens -> discharged into waters -> feminisation of male fish through production of VTG

Question 29

When is VTG normally synthesised?

Answer 29

By females during oocyte maturation

Question 30

What is the First Watch list?

Answer 30

New approach to provide high-quality monitoring info on conc. of potentially polluting substances in aquatic environment

Question 31

What are 5 1st Watch list of emerging water pollutants?

Answer 31

Diclofenac E2 EE2 Oxadiazon Methoicarb

Question 32

Who prepared the national Hazardous Water Management Plan?

Answer 32

EPA in accordance with section 26 of Waste Management Act 1996

Question 33

What are main actions of NHWMP?

Answer 33

Prevent & reduce generation of hazardous waste Maximise collection of hazardous waste Increased self -sufficiency in waste management Minimise environmental, health, social & economic impacts

Question 34

What is DUMP scheme?

Answer 34

Disposal of Unused Medication properly aka take back unused & out of date prescriptions * over the counter medicines

Question 35

Who originally set up the DUMP scheme?

Answer 35

HSE suicide prevention units

Question 36

Where is AMR listed?

Answer 36

Department of the Taoiseach National Risk Assessment

Question 37

How many deaths is AMR set to cause per year by 2050?

Answer 37

10 million

Question 38

Where is AMR coming from (3 places)?

Answer 38

Manufacturing waste - creates environmental reservoirs of AMR microbes Agriculture - 75-90% of Abs excreted are unmetabolised Human health - high & also excreted unmetabolised, overprescription

Question 39

What % of E.coli contaminating water were resistant to ampicillin?

Answer 39

6%

Question 40

What is the Farm Hazardous Waste Collection Scheme?

Answer 40

Bring farm waste to designated centres where it will be collected & transported to hazardous waste facility

Question 41

What are microplastics?

Answer 41

plastic particle <5mm in diameter

Question 42

How iare MPs formed?

Answer 42

degradation of larger plastic pieces or production of primary MPs