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1a. CDS General Lectures > L88: Development of the Dentition > Flashcards

L88: Development of the Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What is orthodontics?

A

The branch of dentistry concerned with:

  • facial growth;
  • development of the dentition;
  • occlusion;
  • and with the diagnosis, interception and treatment of occlusal anomalies.
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2
Q

What are the stages of development of the dentition?

A
  • Newborn;
  • Primary (deciduous);
  • Mixed;
  • Permanent.
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3
Q

What are the features of a newborn dentition?

A
  • Gum pads;
  • Upper - rounded, lower - U-shaped;
  • Appear skeletal class 2 (chin back).
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4
Q

What is a skeletal class 1 antero/posterior (AP) jaw relationship?

A

Mandible is 2-3mm posterior to the maxilla

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5
Q

What is a skeletal class 2 antero/posterior (AP) jaw relationship?

A

Mandible is retruded relative to the maxilla

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6
Q

What is a skeletal class 3 antero/posterior (AP) jaw relationship?

A

Mandible is protruded relative to the maxilla

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7
Q

What is the name of a tooth that is present at, or just after, birth?

A

A natal tooth

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8
Q

What is the typical age range for the primary dentition to erupt?

A

6 months - 3 years

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9
Q

In a primary dentition, do the lower or upper teeth erupt first? (typically)

A

Lower

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10
Q

What is the typical eruption pattern for the primary dentition?

A

a-b-d-c-e

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11
Q

What are three typical features of the primary dentition?

A
  • Incisors are more upright than the permanent dentition;
  • Spaced (>6mm);
  • Worn towards the end of their lifespan.
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12
Q

A primary dentition with little or no spacing are prone to…

A

overcrowding permanent teeth.

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13
Q

At what age do you typically find a mixed dentition?

A

Age 6-13

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14
Q

What are the first permanent teeth to erupt and at what age?

A

First molars and incisors, 6-8.5 y/o.

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15
Q

At what age do the canines, premolars and second molars erupt?

A

10-12.5 y/o

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16
Q

Do the lower or upper 6’s erupt first? (typically)

A

Lower

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17
Q

What are two typical features of the permanent dentition?

A
  • Incisors are wider than deciduous teeth, hence the need for spaces in the primary dentition;
  • Teeth are less upright, and more proclined.
18
Q

What is the typical time between pairs of teeth, e.g. central incisors, erupting?

A

6 months, i.e. is 11 erupts on 01/01, 21 should have erupted by 01/07, otherwise this could indicate a problem.

19
Q

In a mixed dentition, do central or lateral incisors erupt first?

A

Central

20
Q

What are additional teeth, to the normal series, called?

A

Supernumary

21
Q

What is the term used for larger, than normal, teeth?

A

Macrodont

22
Q

What is the term used for smaller, than normal, teeth?

A

Microdont

23
Q

What is the typical eruption pattern for permanent canines and premolars?

A
  • Lower: 3, 4, 5;

- Upper: 4, 5, 3.

24
Q

What is the overall typical eruption pattern for permanent teeth?

A

Lower: 6-1-2-3-4-5;
Upper: 6-1-2-4-5-3.

25
Q

How does the mouth accommodate for more teeth in the permanent dentition than in the primary dentition?

A

Increase/ growth in arc length posterior to the first molar. (N.B. No growth of the arc in front of this).

26
Q

What is the term for spacing in between primary teeth?

A

Leeway Space

27
Q

What is transposition?

A

The term used to describe the interchange in position of two teeth e.g. 3 and 4.

28
Q

What is an ectopic tooth?

A

The malposition of a permanent tooth bud resulting in eruption of the tooth in the wrong place, e.g. at the roof of the mouth.

29
Q

What are the six typical features of an ideal permanent dentition?

A
  • Incisors slightly proclined, overjet ~2-4mm;
  • The mesiobuccal cusp of the upper permanent molar occludes with the buccal groove of the mandibular first molar;
  • Long axis of the teeth have a slight medial inclination, except the lower incisors;
  • Tight approximal contacts;
  • Flat occlusal plane or slight curve of Spee;
  • The crowns of the canines back to the molars have a lingual inclination.
30
Q

What is a class I incisor classification?

A

Lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors.

31
Q

What is a class II, division 1 incisor classification?

A
  • Lower central incisors lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors;
  • Upper central incisors are proclined or of average inclination;
  • Overjet increased.
32
Q

What is a class II, division 2 incisor classification?

A
  • Lower central incisors lie posterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors;
  • Upper central incisors are retroclined;
  • Minimal overjet.
33
Q

What is a class III incisor classification?

A
  • Lower central incisors lie anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors;
  • Overjet is reversed.
34
Q

What is overjet?

A

Distance between the upper and lower incisors in the horizontal plane. 2-4mm is normal.

35
Q

What is overbite?

A

Vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors when viewed anteriorly. One third to one half coverage of the lower incisors is normal.

36
Q

What is hypodontia?

A

Congenital absence of one or more teeth

37
Q

What is reverse overjet?

A

When the lower incisors lie anteriorly to the upper incisors

38
Q

What is malocclusion?

A

Variation from ideal occlusion which has dental health and/or psychosocial implications for the individual

39
Q

What is ideal occlusion?

A

Anatomically perfect arrangement of teeth

40
Q

What is normal occlusion?

A

Acceptable variation from ideal occlusion

41
Q

What is buccal crossbite?

A

The buccal cusps of the lower premolars and/or molars occlude buccally to the buccal cusps of the upper premolars and/or molars

1a. CDS General Lectures (6 decks)

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