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X Clin Med Exam 1 > L8 Viral Exanthems > Flashcards

L8 Viral Exanthems Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of Measles/Rubeola

A

Paramyxovirus

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2
Q

Symptoms of Measles/Rubeola

A

3Cs (cough, coryza-rhinitis, conjunctivitis), Koplik spots (enanthem in mouth), fever (105+), maculopapular Blanchable rash that spreads from head to toe and spares palms and soles

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3
Q

Koplik spots

A

Cluster of tiny bluish-white papules on buccal mucosa, “grains of salt on a red background”

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4
Q

Complications of Measles/Rubeola

A

Common is diarrhea or otitis media, more severe is pneumonia, encephalitis or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

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5
Q

Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

A

7-10 years after Measles, fatal degenerative disease of CNS, behavioral and intellectual deterioration, seizures

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6
Q

Treatment of Measles/Rubeola

A

Symptomatic treatment only, sometimes vitamin A or ribavirin

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7
Q

Etiology of erythema infectiosum(fifth disease)

A

Parvovirus B-19

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8
Q

Symptoms of erythema infectiosum

A

Facial rash (erythematous malar rash) called “slapped cheek” which is then followed by lacy, pink macular rash over body (trunk and extensor surfaces) 2-3 days later, starts with non-specfic flu-like sxs

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9
Q

Complications of erythema infectiosum

A

Rare but transient aplastic crisis, in pregnancy can be hydrops fetalis and/or fetal loss

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10
Q

Etiology of Rubella

A

Rubella virus

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11
Q

Transmission of Rubella

A

Inhaled large particle aerosols

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12
Q

Symptoms of Rubella

A

“3 day Measles” with a erythematous papules and purpura, head to toe progression, pinpoint/pink maculopapules, may have arthritis

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13
Q

Complications of Rubella

A

Encephalopathy, birth defects in pregnant women that lead to congenital rubella syndrome (blueberry muffin rash, hearing loss, mental retardation, CV and ocular defects)

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14
Q

Etiology of roseola infantum

A

Most commonly herpes virus 6 (HHV 6)

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15
Q

Symptoms of roseola infantum

A

High fever for 3-5 days and abruptly ends the an abrupt blanching pink/erythematous maculopapular rash (starts at neck and trunk and spreads to face then extremities)

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16
Q

Etiology of hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Coxsackie A16 virus

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17
Q

Transmission of hand foot mouth disease

A

Oral ingestion of virus (fecal oral or oral/respiratory secretions)

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18
Q

Symptoms of hand foot and mouth

A

Oral exanthem and enanthem on hand, feet and buttocks, vesicles may ulcerate

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19
Q

Etiology of molluscum contagiosum

A

Poxvirus

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20
Q

Symptoms of molluscum contagiosum

A

Flesh colored, pearly, papules with umbilication, located anywhere except palms and soles

21
Q

Etiology of condylomata acuminatum or verruca vulgaris (warts)

A

HPV

22
Q

Presentation of condylomata acuminatum

A

Classic cauliflower like lesions, perinatal growth, mild pruritis

23
Q

Etiology of varicella

A

Varicella-zoster virus, a herpes virus

24
Q

Symptoms of varicella

A

Generalized vesicular rash that is pruritic, with fever, malaise, pharyngitis or anorexia

25
Q

3 main stages of varicella

A

Diagnose to see all 3 at same time, papules, ulcer and blister

26
Q

Etiology of herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Varicella zoster virus

27
Q

Transmission of Measles/ Rubeola

A

Infectious droplets spread by cough, sneeze or close breathing (stays for up to 2 hours)

28
Q

Transmission of erythema infectiosum

A

Respiratory secretions

29
Q

Transmission of molluscum contagiousum

A

Direct physical contact and contact with contaminated fomites, also autoinoculation

30
Q

Treatment of molluscum contagiousum

A

Best option is no treatment, popophyllotoxin cream at home (not for pregnant women)

31
Q

Treatment of condyloma acuminatium

A

Topical (podophyllin, immunotherapy or surgery

32
Q

Tzanck smear

A

Use to show multinucleated giant cells associated with 3 stages of varicella

33
Q

Timeline for return to school after varicella

A

Only contagious until all legions are crusted

34
Q

Pattern of Shingles

A

Dormant HZV follows the dermatome of a specific sensory ganglion, unilateral

35
Q

Symptoms of herpes zoster

A

Prodrome has acute, neuritic pain preceding eruption by 3-5 days, rash is ACTIVE and is development of grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

36
Q

Complications of herpes zsoter

A

Post herpetic neuralgia, herpes zoster opthalmicus, acute retinal necrosis or nerve palsies

37
Q

Post herpetic neuralgia

A

Lancinating, neuritic pain that can last months/yrs after resolution of lesions

38
Q

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

Sight-threatening linked to trigeminal ganglion activation, see hutchinson’s sign

39
Q

Hutchinson’s sign

A

Trigeminal pattern of vesicles that go to the tip of the nose, HZV

40
Q

Treatment of herpes zoster

A

Start within 72 hours, use antivirals (famciclovir or valacyclovir), might need to manage pain with narcotics

41
Q

Infectious precautions of herpes zoster

A

Patient can transmit varicella to seronegative patients through contact with skin lesions

42
Q

Types of HSV

A

HSV-1 (herpes labialis, cold sores), HSV-II (herpes genitalis, sexually), symptoms CAN flip between

43
Q

Primary presentation of HSV-1

A

Gingivostomatitis, pharyngitis, severe mouth pain and fever

44
Q

Pathogenesis of HSV

A

Virus can remain latent following primary infection and can be reactivated by change in immune status

45
Q

Presentation of HSV

A

Prodrome of tingling, burning or pruritus, lesions appear as grouped vesicles on an erythematous bases (may see crusting)

46
Q

Complications of HSV

A

Erythema multiforma, eczema herpaticum, recurrent aseptic meningitis

47
Q

Treatment for chronic suppression of HSV

A

Antivirals with reassessment at 4-6 mos

48
Q

Lipoma

A

Soft, mobile, non-tender subcutaneous soft-tissue tumor

49
Q

Epidermal inclusion cyst

A

Soft, mobile, fluctuant nodule, sometimes central punctum and can be painful

X Clin Med Exam 1 (7 decks)

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