L8 Neuro Flashcards
SCI
acute traumatic lesions of SC or cauda equina; sensory and/or motor deficits may be temporary or permanent
Traumatic SCI
classified by external MOI
falls, MVA, sports, diving, trampoline, gun/knife
Non-traumatic SCI
includes disease pathologies, infection, birth injuries
Impairments with SCI
includes sensory function, muscle functions, movement, gait, respiratory system, B/B, skin functions, sexual function
SCI and Activity/Participation Considerations
Mobility
Transfers
Walking
Propulsion of AD
Active play and recreation
PT Intervention for SCI
- Post surgical interventions
- Education and instruction of AD, movement, training, B/B program
- Prevention of secondary complications
- dependent on the level of the SCI
Spina Bifida Occulta
closed spinal incomplete fusion
most mild form
hidden vertebral defect
usually causes no health conditions
Spina Bifida aperta
- open spinal incomplete fusion
- types include myelomeningocele (MMC) and meningomyelocele (MM)
- causes varied neuro impairments
MMC and MM
- protrusion of sac containing spinal fluid, meninges, neural tissue through posterior opening of spinal vertebra
- etiology unknown, may be genetics, environment, or inadequate vitamin and folic acid intake
Impairments for MMC/MM
- diminished or absent trunk/LE sensation or strength
- bowel/bladder control
- posture
- skeletal alignment
- decreased endurance
- decreased balance
- motor control
Activities for MMC and MM
- mobility
- navigating community distances
- activity tolerance
- participation in organized sports
- B/B bladder program
Arnold-Chiari Malformations
- cerebellar hypoplasia and varying degrees of caudal displacement of the lower brainstem into upper cervical canal through the foramen magnum
- impedes the flow and absorption of CSF and causes, hydrocephalus
- occurs in > 90% of infants with MMC
- shunt may need to be placed
Signs of shunt malfunction in children
- headache
- irritability
- fever unrelated to illness
- nausea
- increased spasticity in innervated muscles
- problems w/vision
- problems with speech
- increased difficulty with postural control
- decreased performance in school
- decreased level of consciousness
Possible Orthotics for MM
- THKAF for thoracic involvement
- HKAFO for L1-3
- KAFO for L3-4
- AFO for L4-5
- SMA for S1-S3
TBI
- physical external force to head
- MOI include falls, MVA, sports, accidental blows
- PT involvement is dependent on stage and severity of injury
- impairments can include contractures, balance, cognitive, emotional, speech
*limited in activities can include decreased walking, tolerance, sustained engagement
