L8: Apraxia Flashcards
praxis =
the ability to produce purposeful, learned movements
apraxia =
disturbed ability to produce purposeful, learned movement
in apraxia, the incorrect performance cannot be explained by…
weakness, discoordination, akinesia, abnormal reflexes, impaired auditory comp, cog impairment, mental health issues, or impaired visual/tactile perception
3 subtypes of apraxia are
apraxia of speech
ideomotor
ideational
apraxia of speech =
disruption of motor planning, sequencing and programming (of speech subsystems) or volitional speech production
ideomotor apraxia
impaired execution of simple, learned movements (ex. combing hair)
limb and oral (ex. brushing teeth, blowing a kiss)
ideational apraxia
impaired execution of complex, sequential movements w objects despite intact indv movements (ex. steps to brushing teeth, dressing apraxia)
severe form of ideomotor apraxia ? possibly
apraxia often fails to be
recognized or is wrongly diagnosed
in a natural setting, persons w apraxia will perform learned volitional movements….
normally, especially when they can see and manipulate objects they have known previously to their proper environment(s)
apraxia, especially marked in the acute stage of causative lesion(s), can resolve ______
fairly rapidly
In apraxia of speech sound selection and sound ordering are assumed to be ____ (phonology)
intact
apraxia results from
an impairment in the capacity to order the position of speech musculature and sequencing of muscle movements for volitional production and sequencing of phonemes
in AOS, speech production errors are not related to
aphasia
AOS often has an _____ or ____ onset
acute or progressive
what are the diagnostic challenges of Apraxia?
symp overlap
inconsistent terminology
symp continuum
need to assess across diff tasks and conditions
transcription variation
linguistic and psychological “weight” ____ number of errors
increases
in AOS, high frequency words lead to _____, whereas low freq words lead to ___
higher accuracy
lower accuracy
in AOS, substantive words are _____ than function words
better/more accurate
(ex. articles, prepositions)
in AOS, imitation produces ___ errors, whereas spontaneous production produces ____ errors
more
fewer
in AOS, errors ____ when auditory visual stimulation is available
decrease
ratings of apraxia of speech should be based on speech samples that include:
brief conversation
solicited narrative or oral reading of a short paragraph
supplemental tasks (ex. speech AMRs and SMRs, word rep, sentence rep)
ideomotor apraxia involves the
impaired ability to produce simple, learned movements on command (limb or oral) or to demonstrate use of common objects on command that are easily performed spontaneously (ex. brushing teeth)
ideomotor apraxia involves difficulty with _____, _____, and _____ of movements
selection
sequencing
spatial orientation
in ideomotor apraxia they will have the greatest difficulty when asked to…
make believe/imagine using a tool or instrument (i.e. not using actual item) = transitive
ideomotor apraxia is common in
Broca’s, TCM and conduction aphasia
ideational apraxia is
the inability to carry out a series of acts despite adequate performance of indv movements
ex. steps in making a sandwich
ideational apraxia is observed in either or
both upper limbs, often associated w language probs
ideational apraxia is usually due to damage in
LH occipitoparietal regions or from diffuse brain disease (ex. Alzheimer’s)
all apraxic errors (both limb and oral buccal) results in
total failure to perform movement
incorrect performance of movement
oral-buccal apraxic errors result in:
incomplete movements
onomatopoetic responses (ex. say cough instead of cough)
achieving the purpose of the movement by using the hand (ex. wiping the lips w the hand rather than licking them)
self-cueing
limb apraxic errors result in:
use of body part as the object (ex. comb w hand)
occasionally make errors in seq various movements
can make spatial errors
