L7b_sex differences and human behavior

Question 1

SDN-POA

Answer 1

-larger in males

Question 2

INAH-3 (gender identity reading 2011)

Answer 2

-volume of INAH-3 in larger in male

Question 3

Gender

Answer 3

-gender specific toys (highlight the problem;em of environment vs biology in humans)
-monkey did not show sex differences in toy preferences
- female are better at facial recognition

Question 4

Corpus callosum (reading dump the dimorphism)

Answer 4

• recent study (reading) showed no sex differences in corpus callosum

Question 5

Amygdala and Hippocampus

Answer 5

-genreally larger in males
-see the reading (Marhwa 2017) and Tan 2016) differences are disputed

Question 6

Genetics/hormones/social environment
How to study behavior (phenotype) attributable to genetics or environment?

Answer 6

1. different genetics in same environment
   - different origination but reared in common environment
   - make different genes (add/ change hormones)
   - crosses
2. different environment and same environment
   - same origination, reared in different environment
   -twin studies
   -genetic clones (mice)

Question 7

Why humans are unable to to science science studies?

What are the other options?

Answer 7

• controlling social environment, hormones in utero environment or genetic impossible with humans
• cant run experiments like animals

options:
1. animal models (sheep? and why not rodents;pre-programmed sexual behaviors)
2. examine cases of atypical sex development
3. amniocentesis (for hormonal affects during development)
4. compare across cultures (vary social environment)
5. MRI
- but false positives
-can’t control environment

Question 8

C-fos

Answer 8

-an immediate early gene like egr-1 Fos= region where activates pain)
-females has reduced response to morphine compare to men; means pain perception grater. in females (male can handle pain more)

• Low estrodial= higher opioid activation = higher tolerance to pain = therefore males has higher tolerance than female to pain

Question 9

Olfactory bulb

Answer 9

affected by sex and hormones

• women better at discrimination smells
• ## more sensitive to musklike odors (estrogen dependent)

Question 10

Other sensory systems differences

Answer 10

• women hear better high frequencies and low tolerance to white noise

-men have better visual acuity than women (stimulated more visual info than auditory info)

women can differentiate color gradients

Question 11

GnRH neurons

Answer 11

originated from olfactory bulbs

Question 12

2D:4D

Answer 12

T = 4D +
E = 4D -

male 2D <4D
female 2D>4D

Question 13

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 13

more testosterone development 2D:4D ratio correlated