L6_Sex determination

Question 1

Secondary sexual characteristics

Question 2

Chromosomal sex

Answer 2

-sex determination of gonadal sex
- in mammals XX vs XY (SRY

Question 3

Gonadal sex

Answer 3

Ovary vs testes (SRY)
Germinal ridge = primordial gonad

Question 4

Hormonal sex

Answer 4

-peptide hormones and androgen
- sex differentiation of morphological sex

Question 5

Morphological sex

Question 6

Behavioral sex

Question 7

Gender role

Answer 7

Based on human culture in humans

Question 8

SRY

Answer 8

Sex determining region in Y chromosome

Question 9

Germinal ridge

Answer 9

Tissue that has the potential to develop either testes or ovary = premordial gonad

Question 10

Ovary and Testes

Question 11

Estrogen

Question 12

Estrodial (E2)

Answer 12

Testosterone turns estradiol (estrogen) through aromatase
affects brain and behavior
during early development, E2 affects brain!

Question 13

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Answer 13

Testosterone turns to DHT(androgen) through 5a-reductase
affect external genitalia

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

a pro

Question 15

Aromatase

Answer 15

Convert testosterone to Estradiol (estrogen)

Question 16

Accessory sex organs

Answer 16

-both exist to stat unlike primordial gonad
- one duct develops and one retract during early development

Question 17

Ovary , Fallopian tube, Uterus, Cervix

Answer 17

Gonads connect to external environment

Question 18

Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

Answer 18

Question 19

Mullerian and Wolffian duct

Answer 19

Female default: absence of hormones Mullerian develop and wolffian regress

Male development require testosterone and MIH
- testosterone for Wolffian development
-MIH for regression mullerian

Question 20

Mullerian inhibitory hormone

Answer 20

Require for regression of Müllerian duct in males

Question 21

Genital tubercle, genital folds, clitoris, urogenital groove, labia

Answer 21

Question 22

5alpa-dihydrotestosterone and reductase

Answer 22

Androgen derive from testosterone and binds more strongly to androgen compared T

5a-reductase convert testosterone to DHT

Question 23

Intersex

Answer 23

When external genitalia atypical ( genitalia in bw male and female)

Question 24

Disorders of sexual development (DSD)

Answer 24

handout
congenital conditions where development of chromosomal, gonadal, hormonal or anatomical sex is atypical

Question 25

Turner syndrome (in females)

Answer 25

individuals lack X chromosome female external appearance, but ovarian development is limited don't attain puberty w/o medications

Question 26

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 26

-has an extra X chromosome (XXY) -externally and internally masculinized

Question 27

XYY syndrome

Answer 27

-male at birth but common with XXY individuals increased aggressiveness

Question 28

Androgen insensitive syndrome (AIS):in males

Answer 28

-androgen receptors absent -mutation in X chromosome -

Question 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Answer 29

Fetal adrenal glands produce androgen instead of cortisol Affect external genitalia potentially puberty

Question 30

DMRT1

Question 31

SOX3