L7 Sleep, Decision-Making Flashcards

Question

REM Sleep Physiological Changes

Answer 1

increases in BP, HR, metabolism rapid ballistic eye movements, pupillary constriction, paralysis, twitching of smaller muscles Dreams occur during REM sleep walking and sleep talking do not occur in REM, are not motivated by dreams

Answer 2

helps with decision-making/thinking/planning difficult to identify the flow of information through the PFC

Answer 3

1. Info about sensory stimuli is conveyed to orbitofrontal cortex 2. This info flows rostrally and laterally to other lateral and medial PFC 3. Then the resulting signals flow to other PFC regions that use info to plan possible responses 4. Signals are sent to premotor and parietal cortexes, then other cortical regions that help with behavior, which are influenced by dopamine, serotonin

Answer 4

-OFC receives input from all major modalities, has few motor connections -Receives input from hippocampus and m. temporal lobe (memory storage and retrieval) -Input from reward related dopamine neurons in midbrain

Answer 5

-OFC provides output to systems that help with selection and execution of behaviors

Answer 6

-helps us to perform estimation of the value of an option based on past and present information -helps shape associations among objects, actions, consequences -integrates info about prior experiences to help determine value of different choices -subjective value: value can change with other sensory inputs, like fullness

Answer 7

the OFC and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex make use of a universal value that allows comparison of any decision

Answer 8

occurs after evaluation and requires values of each of the options the vmPFC and the OFC show systematic changes when the values of multiple options are maintained

Answer 9

deficits in comparing values of different options buying a car--the individual wouldn't be able to figure out between price, styling, mileage, etc

Answer 10

1. Communicates with reward related regions like the OFC and anterior cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, parietal areas 2. Changes in firing rate are matched with changes in rules that govern effective behavior Damage: when the rule is changed, individuals continue with the one that they learned. Impairments of short term memory

Answer 11

1. Might be the source of error-related negativity 2. Concerned with consequences of choosing an option than by the nature of the option or its value 3. Helps us to learn from our consequences 4. Generation of feedback signals that help to update goals and adapt new rules 5. Detects the need to change 6. Helps with conflicting action plans that are activated at the same time

Answer 12

observed in standard lab tasks immediately after an individual commits an error, changes in levels of dopamine when an error is committed

Answer 13

lead to impairments in learning from consequences of actions

Answer 14

associated with atypical levels of activity in the anterior cingulate cortex overly sensitive to stimuli self-doubt Illogical acts

Answer 15

1. Self-control 2. Damage to this area causes impulsivity. Tourettes, OCD, depression are examples

Answer 16

1. Uses body stats to regulate behavior 2. Associated with emotional awareness and expression. Attention, love, time perception, music 3. Can play a role in gambling and drug addiction

Answer 17

1. Self-Awareness 2. Has slow long lasting fluctuations with reduced activity during performance of tasks, high activity between trials 3. Not exactly clear as to what the role is, possibly involved in default mode network 4. Active during daydreaming, distracted 5. Info about self, like autobiographical memory, thinking about your future, considering others in relatin to yourself Damage: Alzheimer's disease