L7 Ocular Pharmacology/Cataracts

Question 1

Components of Ocular Surface Immunity

• Defence Mechanisms
• Things that compromise defenses

Answer 1

Question 2

_____________________:

• Excellent Gram +ve cover:
• bacterial conjunctivitis
• prevention of infection (post corneal abrasion)
• Does NOT cover gram -ve (Pseudomonas)
• No oral/IV form. VERY Little developed resistance

Answer 2

Chloramphenicol

• Excellent Gram +ve cover:
• bacterial conjunctivitis
• prevention of infection (post corneal abrasion)
• Does NOT cover gram -ve (Pseudomonas) - Ofloxacin
• No oral/IV form. VERY Little developed resistance

Question 3

_____________________:

• Used for infection after cataracts surgery
• Gram +ve cover
• Increasing resistance

Answer 3

Fusidic Acid:

• Used for infection after cataracts surgery
• Gram +ve cover
• Increasing resistance

Question 4

____________________: Pseudomonal cover (contact lens-related infection)

Answer 4

Ofloxacin: Pseudomonal cover (contact lens related infection)

Question 5

What broad-spectrum antibiotics are used to treat ophthalmic conditions? When are these needed?

Answer 5

Question 6

_____________________:

• Dendritic ulcers due to HSV
• PO Aciclovir used for HS uveitis

Answer 6

Aciclovir Ointment:

• Dendritic ulcers due to HSV
• PO Aciclovir used for HS uveitis

Question 7

_____________________:

• Acanthamoeba keratitis
• Ocular surface toxicity

Answer 7

Brolene + Chlorhexidene

• Acanthamoeba keratitis (Keratitis/dendritic ulcers. DO NOT use steroids for this => geographic ulcers)
• Ocular surface toxicity

Question 8

When are Topical Steroids called for?

Side Effects?

Answer 8

Question 9

Paths of innervation for Miosis/Mydriasis?

Answer 9

Question 10

Mydriatic Agents and their Indications?

Answer 10

Question 11

Miotic Agents and their Indications?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is Aniscoria and what can cause it?

Answer 12

Question 13

RAPD vs. Aniscoria

Answer 13

Aniscoria: Difference in pupil size caused by damage to EFFERENT limb or IRIS. Caused by:

• CN III Palsy
• Horner’s Pupil (Loss Of Parasympathetic)
• Adies Pupil (Loss of Sympathetic)

RAPD (Relative Afferent Pupillary Deffect): Casued by damage to AFFERENT Limb (CN II or Retina)

Question 14

Manifestation/Cause/Investigation of Adie’s Pupil?

Answer 14

Question 15

Triad/Cause/Investigation of Horner’s Syndrome?

Answer 15

Question 16

Occular Antihypertensive with risk of increase eyelash length and Pigmentation of the iris?

MOA?

Answer 16

Prostaglandin (PG) Analogues (Bimatoprost)

MOA: INCR Aqueous Outflow

Question 17

Occular Antihypertensive with risk of bronchospasm/bradycardia that should be avoided in asthma?

MOA?

Answer 17

Beta Blocker (Betaxolol)

MOA: DEC Aqueous Production

Question 18

Occular Antihypertensive with risk of Karatitis?

MOA?

Answer 18

Alpha agonists (Epinephrine)

MOA: DEC Aqueous Production

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Drug with potential side effect of Maculopathy?

Answer 20

Hydroxychloroquine

Question 21

Drug with the potential side effect of Corneal Deposits (Vortex Keratopathy)?

Answer 21

Amiodarone

Question 22

Drug with potential side effect of Glaucoma/Cataracts?

Answer 22

Steroids

Question 23

Drug with potential side effect of Pigmentary Retinopathy?

Answer 23

Tamoxifen

Question 24

Symptoms/Signs of Cataracts?

Answer 24

Cataracts (Loss of transparency of the natural lens)

Question 25

Causes/Misconceptions about Cataracts?

Answer 25

Cataracts (Loss of transparency of the natural lens)

Question 26

Treatment of Cataracts?

Answer 26