L7: learning school Flashcards
What is learning in strategy?
encoding inferences from history into routines that guide behaviour
What are routines?
Forms, ru;es, procedures, conventions, strategies and technologies around which organizations are contructed and through which they operate
What are the origins (evolution) from the learning school?
- Disjoined incrementalism
- Decision-making as incremental process
- CEO most of the work
- Messy & continuous process - Logical incrementalism
- Decision making as incremental process
- Different stages connected by central actors
- CEO became the glue, he created environment where everyone can learn - Evolutionary theory
- Decision-making as incremental process - Strategic venturing
- Bottom-up
- Intrapreneurship
- employees coming up with new ideas
What is emergent learning?
Understand actions to infer intentions;
- Learning-by-doing
- Trial-and-error
- Experimentation
Which models show that deliberate conmtrol must be combined with emergent learning in strategic behaviour?
- Grassroot model - strategies grow initially like weeks in a garden, roots going anywhere
- Hothouse model - one person formulates strategy through a controlled process of tought
What is sense making?
uNDERSTANDING WHAT IS HAPPENING. IT INVOLVES the ongoing retrospective development of plausible images that rationalize what people are doing.
enacted environment; first act -> make sense of actions -> retain desired behaviour
What are the characteristics of the learning school?
- strategy s a process of learning
- The collective learns
- Emergent learning
- Leaders create environment conductive to learning
- Strategies are patterns of the past
What is the learning school’s process?
Circular;
Evaliuation -> Sense making -> Strategy formulation & implementation
What are core competencies of an organization which gives the org. strategic advantage?
- Collective learning
- Providing consistancy
What is stretch? (name the 2 types)
Stretch is the misfit in resources and aspirations.
- Stretch in resources = Resource > Aspirations
- Stretch in aspirations = Resources < aspirations
What is leverage and how can this be done?
Leverage is making the best use of limited resources.
- Concentrating = Concentrating around a strategical focal point
- Accumulating = Gain more resources
- Complementing = try to get mosy out of your resources
- Conserving = Not spending but also not looking for new resources
- Recovering = make sure you get them (recyclen)
What is the difference between tacit and explicit knowledge?
Tacit = What we know implicity inside (personal, context-specific. Hard to formalize and communicate)
Explicit = What we know formally
What are the different types of Accumulating knowledge?
- Socialization = from tacit to tacit - the implicit sharing of tacit knowledge (onboarding in organization)
- Externalization = using metaphors and analysis to convert tacit to explicit knowlegde
- Combination = from explicit to explicit - combining what we observe and what we write down by making connections
- Internalization = converting of explicit knowlegde into tacit knowledge. Instead of writing down, it becomes part of norms and values
What are dynamic capabilities?
Knowledge that improves the combination and recombination of resources/capabilities in light of internal and external changes
What is chaos theory?
Apparently random outcomes that are results of initial conditions (patterns, focus on destruction & chaos)
